Nanotechnology

One nanometer is one billionth of a meter (1nm = 1 × 10^-9).

Nanometer

Dimensions that are smaller than 100 nanometers.

Nanoscale

Materials that contain particles that are 1-100nm in size; properties differ from those of the bulk material.

Nanomaterials

Particles with a size range of 1-100nm, e.g., C60 Buckyball.

Nanoparticles

At the nanoscale, the surface area to volume ratio increases, leading to more pronounced surface or quantum effects.

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

Nanoparticles of gold appear pink in color, while bulk gold is yellow; nanoparticles of ZnO are invisible, whereas the bulk is white.

Optical properties of nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of silver exhibit enhanced antibacterial and antiviral properties.

Antibacterial effect of nanoparticles

Noble metals such as platinum, palladium, and gold show significantly higher catalytic activity when reduced to nanoscale.

Increased Catalytic Activity

Exceptional strength, strong and light, high stiffness and electrical conductivity

Carbon Nanotubes

battery components, transistors, sports equipment, biosensors, bicycle components.

Carbon Nanotube applications

Spherical molecules made of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a hollow cage structure.

Buckyballs (C60)

Stable at high temperatures and pressures, can be harder than diamond when compressed, very high tensile strength, high electrical and heat conductivity.

properties of buckyballs

Medicine delivery, drug delivery, tumor/cancer treatment, gene therapy

Applications of buckyballs

Antibacterial agents, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties, highly effective in inhibiting bacterial growth.

Silver nano particles properties

Wound dressing deodorants, disinfect water, medicine applications.

Silver nanoparticles applications

Tiny devices designed to interact with cells and tissue

Nanodevices

Small size, biocompatibility, and high surface area.

Nanodevices properties

Cancer detection, drug delivery, imaging, gene delivery

Nanodevice applications

Highly branched symmetrical molecules.

Dendrimers

Drug delivery and other biomedical applications.

Dendrimers applications

Multiphase solid material where one phase has one two or 3 dimensions of less than 100nm. Hybird material.

Nanocomposite

High mechanical strength, high electrical conductivity ,

Nanocomposite properties

loading of biomolecules, tissue engineering, drug delivery.

Nanocomposite applications

Not sure of side effects, relatively new tech, small size could move into cells and bloodstream , interact with biomolecules, damage to skin or respitory stystem. Overall a lot is unknown.

Disadvantages of Nanotechnology

Avoiding direct contact with nanoparticles using PPE, Isolating fumes, Fume hoods, air filtration, local exhaust ventilation.

Mitigation strategies for nanotechnology

Nano particles have a significantly higher surface area to volume ratio than the bulk material. Due to this it means more of the material is exposed to its surrounding enviroment causing distinct surface area and quantum effects.

Why do nano particles behave differently than the bulk material?

A naturally occurring nanomaterial.

What is a fullerene

Buckyballs, graphene, carbon nanotubes

Examples of fullerenes

Carbon nanotubes are hollow tubes formed from graphene, it has exceptional strength and stiffness and a high electricical conductivity.

What is a carbon nanotube