TCP Commands Overview

ping

Utility to troubleshoot IP network issues by sending ICMP Echo Request packets.

traceroute

Diagnostic tool displaying packet route and transit delays in an IP network.

netstat

Command showing network connections, routing tables, interface statistics.

ifconfig

Command displaying and configuring network interface parameters.

RFC

Request for Comments, documents standards, protocols, and related information.

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol for reliable, connection-oriented data transmission.

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force, develops and promotes Internet standards.

ping utility

Developed by Mike Muuss in 1983 for IP network troubleshooting.

ICMP Echo Request

Packet type that hosts must process and reply to as per RFC 1122.

ping statistics

Reports errors, packet loss, round-trip times, and statistical summaries.

traceroute history

Records round-trip times of packets from successive hosts in the route.

traceroute options

Include -w (wait time), -q (query count), -m (max hops) for diagnostics.

Traceroute

Utility showing IP addresses of routers and round trip times

Netstat

Displays protocol, local/foreign address, and connection state

Proto

Protocol name (TCP or UDP)

Local Address

IP address and port of local computer

Foreign Address

IP address and port of remote computer

State

Indicates TCP connection status (e.g., ESTABLISHED)

Traceroute Options

Include -anop for active connections and TCP/UDP ports

Netstat Options

Use -ano for TCP connections, -s for protocol statistics