NS101 Seamanship Final Exam Review 2017 USNA

Keel

spine of the ship

Frames

ribs of the ship, fastened to the keel

Longitudinal Frame

- runs bow to stern parallel to keel

Plating

skin of the ship

Bilge

lowest point on the ship where everything runs to and from the engineering spaces

stem

forward end of the keel extending from the bow

stern post

aft keel extending from the stern

mast

mounting point for radar and other stuff

propeller

primary means of propulsion

rudder

primary means of steering

main deck

uppermost of sheltered deck

weather deck

decks outside

freeboard

hull that can be seen from waterline to main deck

forecastle

main deck forward of the mast

ship designators

A - stowage space/store room/refrigerated compartments

AA - cargo hold/dry cargo storage

C - ship control (Bridge, CIC)

E - engineering

L - living spaces

M - ammunition spaces

Q - anything not covered by another letter

T - vertical access trunks/escape trunks

V - voids

bow spring line

first line from bow to stern

aft bow spring line

second line from bow to stern

forward bow spring line

third line from bow to stern

aft quarter spring line

fourth line bow to stern

forward quarter spring line

fifth line bow to stern

stern line

the line at the stern ( its in the back )

draft

Vertical distance from waterline to keel, numbers are 6 inches tall, space between is also 6 inches

chains

1 shot=15 fathoms = 90 feet (1 fathom=6 feet)

RWB, 2nd to last shot is all yellow, last is all red

Officer of the Deck (OOD)

In-charge of the Bridge. Reports directly to the Commanding Officer for the safe navigation and general operation of the ship

Junior Officer of the Deck (JOOD)

An OOD under instruction. Is the principal assistant to the OOD.

Conning Officer (Conn)

Responsible for the safe navigation of the ship. Issues rudder and engine commands to the Helmsman and Lee Helmsman to maneuver the ship.

Quartermaster of the Watch (QMOW)

Maintains the navigational picture for the OOD.

Boatswain's Mate of the Watch (BMOW)

Enlisted assistant to the OOD for carrying out the ship's routine (Plan of the Day) and passage of word throughout the ship.

Helmsman

Executes the rudder orders issued by the Conn.

Lee Helmsman

Executes the engine orders issued by the Conn

Tactical Action Officer (TAO)-

The ship's TAO is the senior watch stander in the CIC, and is the Commanding Officer's direct representative in the employment of the ship's weapons system.

Combat Information Center Watch Officer (CICWO)

The CICWO's first responsibility is to supervise the personnel on watch in the CIC. They make sure that all contacts - surface, subsurface, and air - are reported

RADAR Navigation Team

Act as back-up plot to the QMOW or Piloting Team. Reports to the CICWO.

Combat Coordinators

Assist the TAO in maintaining tactical situational awareness while running the various weapons and radar systems. Surface Warfare Coordinator (SUWC), Anti-Air Warfare Coordinator (AAWC), Anti-Submarine Warfare Coordinator (ASWC

Engineering Officer of the Watch (EOOW)

In-charge of the engineering plant when underway. Reports directly to the Chief Engineer for the safe operation of the ship's engineering systems; to the Officer of the Deck for plant status and casualties

Propulsion and Auxiliaries Control Console Operator (PACC)

Reports to EOOW and operates and monitors equipment remotely from the Central Control Station (CCS)Reports to EOOW and operates and monitors equipment remotely from the Central Control Station (CCS)

Electrical Plant Control Console Operator (EPCC)

Reports to EOOW and operates and monitors equipment remotely from CCS

Equipment Monitors

Various positions within the engineering plant to oversee the multiple of systems within the ship. Only report to the EOOW.

Uncontrollable Forces

Wind, Sea state, Current, Shallow water effect / Squat

Controllable Forces (LATER)

-Lines, Anchors, Tugs, Engines (propellers), Rudder

Standard Commands

Command - The order given

Reply - Repeat back the order

Report - Action taken

Acknowledgment - Acknowledge proper repeat back and action taken

Amount of rudder

Standard = 15°

Full = 30° (25° on YP)

Hard = 35° (30° on YP)

Specific amount

bell commands

1/3, 2/3, Standard, Full, Flan

port twist

Port back 1/3

Starboard Ahead 1/3

Left Full Rudder

True to Compass

Truly - True

Valiant - Variation

Marines - Magnetic

Don't - Deviation

Cry - Compass

At - Add

Weddings - West

compass to true

Can- Compass

Dead - Deviation

Men - Magnetic

Vote - Variation

Twice - True

At - Add

Elections - East

Gyro compass

Advantage: Aligns to True North and will not change based on geographic location (°T)

Disadvantage: Loses orientation as the Earth rotates unless torque is applied opposite rotation

Magnetic compass

Advantage: Cheap, self-contained, simple and not easily damaged.

Disadvantage: Magnetic North is not fixed and compasses require regular adjustment, which is difficult.

gyro error

If Gyro is Least, Error is East

If Gyro is Best, Error is West

Deviation vs. Variation

Deviation- Magnetic deviation is the error induced in a compass by local magnetic fields

Variation- Difference between True and Magnetic (found in compass rose)

magnetic bearing

Relative Bearing + Magnetic Ship's Head

PSTGC bearing

Relative Bearing + Ships Heading (pgc)

Mercator

Advantages: - Ease of measurement (distance, direction & position)

Latitude/longitude drawn as straight lines and can be easily plotted

Disadvantages:-Distortion of features at extreme latitudes

*scale increases rapidly toward poles. Great Circles appear as curved lines. Rhumb Lines are straight lines.

Great Circle and Rhumb Lines

Great Circle and Rhumb Lines

-The shortest distance between any two points on the surface of the Earth is always along the Great Circle between them; however, a ship's course on a great circle route would be subject to continuous alterations which is not practical.

-Since constant course changes are not practical, it is customary to follow a Rhumb Line on a Mercator Chart rather than a great circle.

Publications

Chart 1- Best reference for looking up symbols on a chart you are not familiar with.

List of Lights- international

Light List- inland

Coast Pilots- US Ports

Fleet Guide- US Navy Ports

Buoy numbers

-Increase sequentially from seaward

-Odd numbers - green buoys

-Even numbers - red buoys

Light Characteristics on a Chart

1. Identity

a. F - fixed

b. FL - flashing

c. Q - quick flashing

d. OC - occulating

e. ALRW - alternating red/white

2. Color

3. Period (seconds)

4. Height (feet)

5. Nominal Range (nautical range- M)

beacons

are those aids that are also fixed in place rather than floating and tethered

ramarks

a RADAR beacon that provides, on the RADAR display of the ship, bearing of the navigation aid. It appears as a single line from the center of the display to its circumference.

racons

a RADAR beacon that provides, on the RADAR display of the ship, bearing and range of the navigation aid. It may appear as an extended "flash" or a Morse code "flash."

what measures direction?

Compass, Gyro

What measures bearing?

Azimuth Circle and Telescopic Alidade

what measures distance?

RADAR, Sextant, Stadimeter, Laser rangefinder

what measures speed?

Impeller Log, Pit Log (speed through water) Relative

GPS (speed over ground) True

what does GPS stand for?

global positioning system

three segments of GPS

Three Segments: Control, Space, Receiver/User

GPS advantages

Extremely accurate, Worldwide 24 hour coverage, All-weather operation

what measures depth?

Fathometer- Uses a transducer that transmits a sonar pulse vertically in the water

radar

Radio detection and ranging

Advantages- Accuracy in determining range of objects at sea, Day, night and poor visibility use, May be used to detect the presence of heavy precipitation

Disadvantages- Subject to mechanical and electrical failure, Range and resolution limitations, Interpretation of display can be difficult, Less accurate than visual piloting

what are the uses of radar?

Divtacs, Navigation, Anit-Collision

what are the settings of Radar?

Rain: adjustable filter which blocks unwanted RADAR return from rain or atmospheric conditions

Sea: adjustable filter which blocks unwanted RADAR return caused by sea clutter

Gain: adjustable RADAR input which determines the amplification of signal on video

Trilateration

Using 2 or 3 satellites it is possible to calculate an objects 2D an/or 3D position on the Earth.

Three satellites are needed for a 2D position

Four satellites are needed for a 3D position

MAN OVERBOARD!!!

Immediate Actions:

● Put rudder over full to the side man went overboard (Conn)

● All engines ahead full (Conn)

● Determine appropriate turn method (Anderson, Williamson or Racetrack) (Conn)

● Deploy a life ring, smoke float and/or strobe light (First person to observe MOB)

● Have lookouts and/or JOOD point to man until recovered (All personnel not involved in shiphandling)

● Pass the word twice, "Man overboard, man overboard, man overboard, port/starboard side. This will be a shipboard/small boat/helo recovery" (OOD)

● Sound whistle signals (six short blasts) (OOD)

● Hoist "Oscar" (day) / Energize two pulsating red lights (night) (OOD)

● Notify ships in the area (OOD)

● Lima 4 (man overboard stations)

What methods are used to rescue the(insert gender here)?

Anderson, Williamson, Racetrack

Anderson

Place ship between man and wind to create a "lee". Fastest method, but requires skill (during the day)

williamson

Place ship between man and wind to create a "lee". Easier turn but slower` (at night)

racetrack

Steady for a distance that will give a good "run" at the man. Full rudder to turn to the man. Adjust engines and rudders as necessary

● Underway Replenishment (UNREP)

o any method of transferring fuel, ammunition, and stores from one ship to another

● Replenishment at Sea (RAS)

o same as above

● Fueling at Sea (FAS)

o any method of transferring fuel

● Connected Replenishment (CONREP)

o a method of transferring fuel, ammunition, and stores from one ship to another through lines and hoses connecting the two ships

● Vertical Replenishment (VERTREP)

o a method of transferring ammunition and stores from one ship to another by helicopter

● Control Ship (Guide/Delivering Ship/USNS)

● Control Ship (Guide/Delivering Ship/USNS)

● Approach Ship (Receiving Ship/USN)

o Maintains assigned stationing position, normally provides Phone and Distance line and shoots shot lines

Romeo at the dip

Usns:I am steady on course and speed, preparing to receive you alongside

USN:I am ready to come alongside

Romeo closed up

USNS: I am ready for your approach/ready to receive

USN:I am commencing my approach

Romeo hauled down

USNS: messenger is in hand

USN: messenger is in hand

Prep at the dip

USN:I expect to disengage in 15 minutes

Prep closed up

USN:Replenishment complete, disengaging

Prep hauled down

USN:ALl lines clear

Emergency breakaway

USN: Emergency SIX

● Lifeguard Station (Lima 4)

-Respond to man overboard

-VERTREP (1-2000 yds astern)

● Waiting Station (Lima 6)

-Examine the wake

determine the lateral separation

● Replenishment Station/Alongside (Lima 2)

-Maintain and match course/speed

Phone and distance

Green/Red/Yellow/Book/White/Glasses (Go read your book with glasses) *20 feet in-between

At night 2 blue chem lights every 40ft starting at 60 ft

Internal communications

1-way MC circuits: (no one talking back)

1MC: battle and announcements

2MC: engineers

4MC: damage control

5MC: flight deck

18MC: Birdge

2-way MC circuits:

20MC: combat

21MC: Captain's command

26MC: Machinery Control

Sound powered phones

powered by the sound of your voice

Parts of a transmission

1. Call up (who you're calling, who you are)

2. Text (the actual message)

3. Ending (end with over, or out)

4. Response (if required)

BREAK (BT)

separates different sections of text

EXECUTE (X)

carry out action