Physical Education Class XI Final Study Notes

Exam-ready practice questions covering the concept of Physical Education, physiological effects on body systems, and psychological aspects as described in the Class XI study notes.

According to Charles A. Bucher, what is physical education?

An integral part of total education that aims at physical, mental, emotional and social fitness through selected physical activities.

How does J.B. Nash define physical education?

The field of education dealing with big-muscle activities and their related responses.

What characterizes physical education according to Chaver C. Cowell?

A social process of change in behaviour, originating primarily through the stimulus of social big-muscle play and related activities.

What is J.R. Sherman's view on the aim of physical education?

To influence experiences so that individuals, within the limits of their capacity, can adjust successfully in society, improve their wants, and develop the ability to satisfy them.

What are the six main aims and objectives of physical education concluded in the textbook?

1. Physical development, 2. Mental development, 3. Social development, 4. Neuro-muscular coordination, 5. Emotional development, 6. Development of health.

What is another term used in the text for neuro-muscular coordination?

Psycho-motor development.

How does the textbook describe the benefit of 'National integration' in physical education?

It brings people from different regions and backgrounds together through tournaments and exchange of culture and traditions.

What is the misconception regarding 'Wastage of money' in physical education?

The textbook rejects this by noting government scholarships, awards, stipends, and institutions that provide education, diet, and equipment to sportspersons.

What percentage of the body do muscles account for?

About $40 - 50\%$.

What are the two main proteins named in the text that help muscle cells with contraction?

Actin and myosin.

What are the dimensions given for muscle fibres?

Length of about $3\,\text{mm} - 4\,\text{cm}$ and thickness of about $0.01 - 0.1\,\text{mm}$.

Contrast the control and appearance of Cardiac and Skeletal muscles.

Cardiac muscles are striated and involuntary, while Skeletal muscles are striated and voluntary.

What is the resting heart rate for an adult stated in the text?

About $72\,\text{beats/min}$.

What effect does regular exercise have on stroke volume and blood cholesterol?

Stroke volume increases and cholesterol level reduces.

Define external and internal respiration.

External respiration is breathing (inhalation and exhalation); internal respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and blood vessels.

What are the dimensions of the trachea (wind pipe)?

About $11.2\,\text{cm}$ long and $2 - 2.5\,\text{cm}$ in diameter.

How many lobes are in the left and right lungs according to the text?

The left lung has two lobes and the right lung has three lobes.

What is tidal volume and its estimated value?

The amount of air flowing in or out of the lungs in each respiratory movement; estimated at about $500 - 800\,\text{cc}$.

What is the vital capacity for a normal adult compared to a regular exerciser?

A normal adult is about $3500 - 4500\,\text{cc}$, while a regular exerciser can be up to about $5500\,\text{cc}$.

What is Max $VO_2$?

The amount of oxygen utilized by the body in one minute.

How long is the alimentary canal?

About $9\,\text{m}$ long.

What are the dimensions given for the oesophagus?

About $23 - 25\,\text{cm}$ long and $25 - 33\,\text{mm}$ in diameter.

What is the length of the small and large intestines?

The small intestine is about $7\,\text{m}$ and the large intestine is about $1.5\,\text{m}$.

Why does the textbook advise against exercising immediately after food?

The digestive system may not receive adequate blood for digestion; exercise should be done about $3\,\text{hours}$ after a meal.

From which Greek words is 'psychology' derived and what do they mean?

'Psyche' (mind/soul) and 'logos' (science).

How did Plato define psychology?

The science of soul.

How does the textbook define 'Stress'?

A physical, mental, or emotional demand tending to disturb homeostasis.

What is the 'inverted-U' idea regarding anxiety?

Performance rises toward an optimal arousal level and falls when arousal goes beyond that level.

What specific physical examples of aggression are listed in the text?

Threats, displays, lunging, growling, snarling, snapping, and biting.