PTRS 710 Advanced Topics in Anatomy Exam 3

The head of the mandible forms the inferior surface of the__________ joint cavity of the temporomandibular joint in which__________ is the primary movement that occurs.

inferior, rotation

inferior, translation

superior, rotation

superior, translation

inferior, rotation

Primary curvatures occur in the __________ and __________ regions of the vertebral column.

sacral, thoracic

cervical, lumbar

cervical, thoracic

sacral, lumbar

sacral, thoracic

Which is most commonly caused by infective endocarditis, possibly leading to Marfan Syndrome

Pulmonary valve stenosis

Pulmonary valve incompetence

Aortic valve stenosis

Aortic valve incompetence

Aortic valve incompetence

An impression of which is typically found only on the inferior surface of the left lung?

Diaphragm

Azygos vein

Esophagus

Cardiac

Cardiac

You are seeing a patient who is complaining of right higher quadrant pain. If this is due to a structure within the right higher quadrant, which is involved.

Appendix

Liver

Sigmoid

colon

Spleen

Liver

Which are concentric actions of the tibialis anterior?

Plantar flexion of the ankle with eversion of the foot

Dorsiflexion of the ankle with eversion of the foot

Dorsiflexion of the ankle and inversion of the foot

Plantar flexion of the ankle and inversion of the foot

Dorsiflexion of the ankle and inversion of the foot

A lesion of the superficial fibular nerve would most likely be associated with weakness in creating __________ of the ankle and __________ of the foot.

dorsiflexion, eversion

plantar flexion, eversion

dorsiflexion, inversion

plantar flexion, inversion

plantar flexion, eversion

Parasympathetic nervous system activity tends to __________ heart rate and __________ peristalsis.

increase, decrease

decrease, increase

decrease, decrease

increase, increase

decrease, increase

The cell bodies of __________ sympathetic fibers are found in the __________ horn of the spinal cord.

preganglionic, anterior

preganglionic, lateral

postganglionic, lateral

postganglionic, anterior

preganglionic, lateral

The paravertebral trunks and their ganglion are associated with which elements of the nervous system?

sympathetic division of autonomic

sympathetic division of somatic

parasympathetic division of autonomic

parasympathetic division of somatic

sympathetic division of the autonomic

The superior border of an intervertebral foramen is formed by the __________ vertebral notch of the __________ vertebra of the motion segment.

superior, superior

superior, inferior

inferior, inferior

inferior, superior

inferior, superior

The temporal bone forms the superior surface of the__________ joint cavity of the temporomandibular joint in which__________ is the primary movement that occurs.

inferior, rotation

inferior, translation

superior, rotation

superior, translation

Superior, Translation

The superior surface of the articular disk forms the inferior surface of the__________ joint cavity of the temporomandibular joint in which__________ is the primary movement that occurs.

inferior, rotation

inferior, translation

superior, rotation

superior, translation

superior, translation

A patient is experiencing left-sided craniofacial pain associated with a masticatory muscle disorder. The patient's familiar left-sided symptoms are reproduced with resisted lateral deviation of the mandible to the left. Which muscle is most likely involved in these symptoms?

Left masseter

Left temporalis

Left medial pterygoid

Left lateral pterygoid

Left temporalis

Once when sliding sideways off a rolling stool and landing in a seated position on the ground in front of his patient, Dr. Jones detected linear acceleration downward with the organ in his__________ and horizontal acceleration with the organ in his __________.

utricle, saccule

utricle, semicircular canals

saccule, utricle

saccule, semicircular canals

saccule, utricle

A patient presents with a loss of taste over the anterior two-thirds of their tongue. What other signs are expected?

Impaired function of facial muscles

Impaired function of intrinsic muscles of tongue

Impaired function of muscles of mastication

Impaired function of muscles of pharynx

Impaired function of facial muscles

A patient presents with a loss of taste and sensory innervation over the posterior one-third of their tongue. What other signs are expected?

Impaired function of facial muscles

Impaired function of intrinsic muscles of tongue

Impaired function of muscles of mastication

Impaired function of muscles of pharynx

Impaired function of muscles of pharynx

A patient presents with a loss of sensory innervation over the anterior two-thirds of their tongue. What other signs are expected?

Impaired function of facial muscles

Impaired function of intrinsic muscles of tongue

Impaired function of muscles of mastication

Impaired function of muscles of pharynx

Impaired function of muscles of mastication

Contraction of the dilator pupillae muscle of the__________ of the eye __________ the diameter ofthe pupil.

cornea, narrow

cornea, widen

iris, narrow

iris, widen

iris, widen

A patient is experiencing right-sided craniofacial pain associated with a masticatory muscle disorder. The patient's familiar right-sided symptoms are reproduced with resisted lateral deviation of the mandible to the left. Which muscle is most likely involved in these symptoms?

Left mentalis

Left temporalis

Left procerus

Left lateral pterygoid

Left lateral pterygoid

Which muscle is involved with wrinkling skin over dorsum of the nose as in expressing disdain or dislike?

Buccinator

Procerus

Mentalis

Platysma

Procerus

You are treating a patient presenting with Bell's palsy who is experiencing a slow recovery in the function of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi. Which function is most likely limited as a result?

Opening eyelid widely

Opening eyelid slightly

Closing eyelid tightly

Closing eyelid gently

Closing eyelid tightly

You are treating a patient presenting with Bell's palsy who is experiencing a slow recovery in the function of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi. Which function is most likely limited as a result?

Opening eyelid widely

Opening eyelid slightly

Closing eyelid tightly

Closing eyelid gently

Closing eyelid gently

In his career as a professional ice skater, Dr. Jones detected linear acceleration forward with the organ in his __________ and rotational acceleration with the organ in his __________.

utricle, semicircular canals

utricle, saccule

saccule, utricle

saccule, semicircular canals

utricle, semicircular canals

In his career as a professional ice skater, Dr. Jones detected upward acceleration with the organ in his __________ and rotational acceleration with the organ in his __________.

utricle, semicircular canals

utricle, saccule

saccule, utricle

saccule, semicircular canals

saccule, semicircular canals

In his career as a professional ice skater, Dr. Jones detected linear acceleration forward with the organ in his __________ and vertical acceleration with the organ in his __________.

utricle, semicircular canals

utricle, saccule

saccule, utricle

saccule, semicircular canals

utricle, saccule

In his career as a professional ice skater, Dr. Jones detected vertical acceleration forward with the organ in his __________ and linear acceleration with the organ in his __________.

utricle, semicircular canals

utricle, saccule

saccule, utricle

saccule, semicircular canals

saccule, utricle

The lateral wall of the infratemporal fossa includes the __________ surface of the __________ of the mandible.

lateral, ramus

lateral, body

medial, ramus

medial, body

medial, ramus

Which is the primary passive support for the mandible hanging from the cranium?

Sphenomandibular ligament

Lateral ligament

Stylomandibular ligament

Articular disc

Sphenomandibular ligament

Which ligament resists posterior and lateral movements of the head of the mandible?

Sphenomandibular ligament

Lateral ligament

Stylomandibular ligament

Articular disc

Lateral ligament

A punch opens a cut across the cheekbone of a mixed martial artist. Nociceptive impulses from this area of the face travel through the __________ branch of the __________ nerve.

zygomatic, facial

maxillary, trigeminal

maxillary, facial

zygomatic, trigeminal

zygomatic, trigeminal

Which is continuous from the posterior surface of the eyelid to its attachment to the eyeball at the border between the sclera and cornea?

Orbital septum

Conjunctiva

Lacrimal apparatus

Tarsus

Conjuctiva

Which refers to the junction of the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones which overlies the middle meningeal artery.

Pterion

Bregma

Vertex

Lambda

Pterion

Which suture is found in the midline of the hard palate?

Sagittal

Lambdoid

Palatomaxillary

Intermaxillary

Intermaxillary

Which suture is found between the parietal and occipital bones of the skull?

Sagittal

Lambdoid

Palatomaxillary

Intermaxillary

Lambdoid

Which suture articulated posteriorly between the bones of the hard palate?

Sagittal

Lambdoid

Palatomaxillary

Intermaxillary

Palatomaxillary

Which suture is found in the midline of the parietal bones?

Sagittal

Lambdoid

Palatomaxillary

Intermaxillary

Sagittal

The superior surface of the articular disc forms the inferior surface of the __________ joint cavity of the temporomandibular joint in which __________ is the primary movement which occurs.

superior, translation

inferior, translation

superior, rotation

inferior, rotation

superior, translation

Which is part of the facial skeleton?

Frontal bone

Sphenoid bones

Palatine bones

Parietal bones

Palatine bones

Facial skeleton is made up of nasal, lacrimal, maxilla, vomer, mandible, inferior nasal concha, zygomatic, and palatine

Which bones are a part of the calvaria of the cranium?

Parietal bone

Zygomatic bones

Palatine bones

Nasal bones

Parietal bones

Through concentric contraction, which movements can the masseter create?

Depression and retraction

Depression and protrusion

Elevation and retraction

Elevation and protrusion

Elevation and protrusion

Through concentric contraction, which movements can the medial pterygoid create?

Depression and retraction

Depression and protraction

Elevation and retraction

Elevation and protraction

Elevation and protraction

The zygomatic arch is formed by articulation of the zygomatic bone with the zygomatic process of which bone?

Sphenoid

Temporal

Frontal

Maxilla

Temporal

Which is continuously open, but can be closed with soft tissue?

Nasal cavities

Ear

Orbits

Oral cavity

Oral cavity

The mandibular fossa and articular tubercle are found on the inferior surface of the __________ of the __________ bone.

lesser wing, sphenoid

petromastoid part, temporal

squamous part, temporal

greater wing, sphenoid

squamous part, temporal

A patient describes difficulty with speaking and chewing. Upon examination, weakness with right lateral deviation of the mandible is found. Impairments in __________ lateral pterygoid function due to a lesion of the __________ nerve are suspected.

right, facial

left, trigeminal

right, trigeminal

left, facial

left, trigeminal

A patient describes difficulty with speaking and chewing. Upon examination, weakness with left lateral deviation of the mandible is found. Impairments in __________ lateral pterygoid function due to a lesion of the __________ nerve are suspected.

right, facial

left, trigeminal

right, trigeminal

left, facial

right, trigeminal

Stimulation of the __________ generates impulses which travel through the __________ nerve to the brain for interpretation as sound.

crista, cochlear

spiral organ, vestibular

spiral organ, cochlear

crista, vestibular

spiral organ, cochlear

Stimulation of the __________ generates impulses which travel through the __________ nerve to the brain for interpretation as balance.

crista, cochlear

spiral organ, vestibular

spiral organ, cochlear

crista, vestibular

crista, vestibular

Cutaneous is being assessed just posterior to the vertex of a patient's skull. Cutaneous innervation in this area is supplied by the __________ nerve arising from the __________.

supra-orbital, trigeminal nerve

greater occipital, trigeminal nerve

greater occipital, posterior ramus of C2

supra-orbital, posterior ramus of C2

greater occipital, posterior ramus of C2

The mental nerve is a direct branch from which nerve is associated with the infratemporal fossa?

Mandibular

Auriculotemporal

Inferior alveolar

Lingual

Inferior alveolar

The maxillary artery arises from the __________ carotid artery in the neck and gives off the __________ meningeal artery within the infratemporal fossa.

internal, anterior

external, anterior

internal, middle

external, middle

external, middle

The tensor tympani and stapedius primarily act to __________ the force of vibration transmitted by the auditory ossicles in response to __________ sounds.

increase, loud

increase, quiet

decrease, quiet

decrease, loud

decrease, loud

The __________ is the central portion of the __________ labyrinth of the internal ear.

cochlea, bony

vestibule, membranous

cochlea, membranous

vestibule, bony

vestibule, bony

The __________ is the anterior portion of the __________ labyrinth of the internal ear.

cochlea, bony

vestibule, membranous

cochlea, membranous

vestibule, bony

cochlea, bony

Contraction of the sphincter pupillae muscle of the __________ of the eye creates __________ of the pupil.

iris, constriction

cornea, constriction

cornea, dilation

iris, dilation

iris, constriction

Contraction of the dilator pupillae muscle of the __________ of the eye creates __________ of the pupil.

iris, constriction

cornea, constriction

cornea, dilation

iris, dilation

iris, dilation

Left lateral deviation of the mandible involves anterior translation within the __________ temporomandibular joint and posterior translation with lateral rotation within the __________ temporomandibular joint.

right, left

right, right

left, right

left, left

right, left

Right lateral deviation of the mandible involves anterior translation within the __________ temporomandibular joint and posterior translation with lateral rotation within the __________ temporomandibular joint.

right, left

right, right

left, right

left, left

left, right

An individual sustains a laceration through the third layer of their scalp. Which is the deepest layer of the scalp which has been injured?

Dense connective tissue layer

Loose connective tissue layer

Aponeurotic layer

Pericranium

Aponeurotic layer

An individual sustains a laceration through the second layer of their scalp. Which is the deepest layer of the scalp which has been injured?

Dense connective tissue layer

Loose connective tissue layer

Aponeurotic layer

Pericranium

Dense connective tissue layer

An individual sustains a laceration through the fourth layer of their scalp. Which is the deepest layer of the scalp which has been injured?

Dense connective tissue layer

Loose connective tissue layer

Aponeurotic layer

Pericranium

Loose connective tissue layer

An individual sustains a laceration through the fifth layer of their scalp (and probably dies, hopefully not). Which is the deepest layer of the scalp which has been injured?

Dense connective tissue layer

Loose connective tissue layer

Aponeurotic layer

Pericranium

Pericranium

During recovery from Bell's palsy, a trumpet player is having continued difficulty with compressing their distended cheek while blowing air forcefully into their trumpet. The function of which muscle is most likely still impaired?

Buccinator

Mentalis

Risorius

Procerus

Buccinator

During recovery from Bell's palsy, a patient is having continued difficulty with compressing their eyebrows downward in a frowning expression and wrinkling their nose. The function of which muscle is most likely still impaired?

Buccinator

Mentalis

Risorius

Procerus

Procerus

During recovery from Bell's palsy, a patient is having continued difficulty with smiling and has now become socially awkward. The function of which muscle is most likely still impaired?

Buccinator

Mentalis

Risorius

Procerus

Risorius

During recovery from Bell's palsy, a patient is having continued difficulty with pouting. The function of which muscle is most likely still impaired?

Buccinator

Mentalis

Risorius

Procerus

Mentalis

When contracting concurrently, which muscles most specifically create a smile?

Zygomaticus major and levator labii superioris

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and levator labii superioris

Zygomaticus major and levator anguli oris

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and levator anguli oris

Zygomaticus major and levator anguli oris

The __________ nerve enters the posterior border of the parotid gland and gives rise to __________ terminal branches which arise from the parotid gland.

trigeminal, three

trigeminal, five

facial, five

facial, three

facial, five

When performing a 360-degree between-the-legs dunk during his career as a professional basketball player, Dr. Bassett detected linear acceleration upward with the organ in his __________ and rotational acceleration with the organ in his __________.

saccule, utricle

utricle, semicircular canals

saccule, semicircular canals

utricle, saccule

saccule, semicircular canals

The __________ nerve enters the superior orbital fissure and gives rise to __________ terminal branches which arise from the orbit of the skull.

trigeminal, three

trigeminal, five

facial, five

facial, three

trigeminal, three

A patient presents with a drooping upper eyelid. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Optic

Oculomotor

Trigeminal

Facial

Oculomotor

A patient presents with a drooping lower eyelid. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Optic

Oculomotor

Trigeminal

Facial

Facial

A patient presents with vision loss. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Optic

Oculomotor

Trigeminal

Facial

Optic

A patient presents with various sensory portions of the face and loss of chewing. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Optic

Oculomotor

Trigeminal

Facial

Trigeminal

A patient presents with profound sensory deficits of the face and upper limb. This is most likely due to a blockage of the __________ cerebral artery affecting the __________ gyrus.

anterior, postcentral

anterior, precentral

middle, postcentral

middle, precentral

middle, postcentral

A patient presents with profound motor deficits of the face and upper limb. This is most likely due to a blockage of the __________ cerebral artery affecting the __________ gyrus.

anterior, postcentral

anterior, precentral

middle, postcentral

middle, precentral

middle, precentral

A patient presents with profound motor deficits of the leg and foot. This is most likely due to a blockage of the __________ cerebral artery affecting the __________ gyrus.

anterior, postcentral

anterior, precentral

middle, postcentral

middle, precentral

anterior, precentral

A patient presents with profound sensory deficits of the leg and foot. This is most likely due to a blockage of the __________ cerebral artery affecting the __________ gyrus.

anterior, postcentral

anterior, precentral

middle, postcentral

middle, precentral

anterior, postcentral

A patient presents with a loss of taste over the anterior 2/3 of their tongue. What other signs are expected?

Facial muscle weakness

Mandibular muscle weakness

Loss of sensation on lower face

Loss of sensation on upper face

Facial muscle weakness (Thanks, Karl)

A patient presents with difficulty looking down and to the right with their right eye. This most likely is due to a lesion of the __________ nerve affecting the function of the superior __________ muscle.

oculomotor, oblique

oculomotor, rectus

trochlear, oblique

trochlear, rectus

trochlear, oblique

A patient presents with difficulty looking up and to the right with their right eye. This most likely is due to a lesion of the __________ nerve affecting the function of the inferior __________ muscle.

oculomotor, oblique

oculomotor, rectus

trochlear, oblique

trochlear, rectus

oculomotor, oblique

A patient presents with difficulty looking up and to the left with their right eye. This most likely is due to a lesion of the __________ nerve affecting the function of the superior __________ muscle.

oculomotor, oblique

oculomotor, rectus

abducent, oblique

abducent, rectus

oculomotor, rectus

A patient presents with difficulty looking to the right with their right eye. This most likely is due to a lesion of the __________ nerve affecting the function of the lateral __________ muscle.

abducent, oblique

abducent, rectus

trochlear, oblique

trochlear, rectus

abducent, rectus

A patient presents with difficulty looking to the left with their right eye. This most likely is due to a lesion of the __________ nerve affecting the function of the medial __________ muscle.

oculomotor, oblique

oculomotor, rectus

trochlear, oblique

trochlear, rectus

oculomotor, rectus

A patient presents with difficulty looking down and to the left with their right eye. This most likely is due to a lesion of the __________ nerve affecting the function of the inferior __________ muscle.

oculomotor, oblique

oculomotor, rectus

trochlear, oblique

trochlear, rectus

oculomotor, rectus

Much of the anterior border of an intervertebral foramen is formed by the __________ portion of the __________.

anterior, intervertebral disc

anterior, zygapophyseal joint

posterolateral, intervertebral disc

posterolateral, zygapophyseal joint

posterolateral, intervertebral disc

Much of the posterior border of an intervertebral foramen is formed by the __________ portion of the __________.

anterior, intervertebral disc

anterior, zygapophyseal joint

posterolateral, intervertebral disc

posterolateral, zygapophyseal joint

anterior, zygapophyseal joint

In which plane is the atlanto-occipital joint structured to allow the greatest amount of movement?

Sagittal

Coronal

Transverse

Sagittal

In which plane is the atlanto-axial joint structured to allow the greatest amount of movement?

Sagittal

Coronal

Transverse

Transverse

In which plane is the zygapophyseal joint structured to allow the least amount of movement?

Sagittal

Coronal

Transverse

Transverse

Which is most likely to serve primarily in a stabilizing role?

Longissimus thoracis

Multifidus

Obliquus capitis inferior

Splenius capitis

Multifidis

An injury of an alar ligament is most likely to result in excessive __________ lateral flexion and__________ rotation of the upper cervical spine.

ipsilateral, ipsilateral

ipsilateral, contralateral

contralateral, ipsilateral

contralateral, contralateral

contralateral, contralateral

The cell bodies of somatic efferent fibers originate from within the neural __________ sending axons __________.

crests, laterally

crests, medially and laterally

tube, laterally

tube, medially and laterally

tube, laterally

The cell bodies of somatic afferent fibers originate from within the neural __________ sending axons __________.

crests, laterally

crests, medially and laterally

tube, laterally

tube, medially and laterally

crests, medially and laterally

Your patient presents with diminished sensation over the pad of their middle finger, elbow extension weakness, and a hyporeflexive triceps brachii muscle stretch reflex. Which spinal nerve is most likely affected by a lesion?

C5

C6

C7

C8

C7

Signals passing through the dorsal column medial lemniscus __________ the spinal cord transmitting information about __________.

ascend, nociception

ascend, proprioception

descend, nociception

descend, proprioception

ascend, proprioception

Signals passing through the spinothalamic __________ the spinal cord transmitting information about __________.

ascend, nociception

ascend, proprioception

descend, nociception

descend, proprioception

ascend, nociception

Rib 5 articulates with the inferior costal demifacet of __________, the superior costal facet of__________, and the transverse costal facet of__________.

T4, T4, T5

T4, T5, T5

T5, T5, T6

T5, T6, T6

T4, T5, T5