Chapter 1 Child Development

Child Development

Scientific study of children from conception to adolescence.

Development

Gradual process of change through many stages, such as before birth, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

Environment

Sum of all the conditions and situations that surround and affect a child's growth and development.

Epigenome

Chemicals that can turn genes on and off.

Genetics

Study of the factors involved in the passing of traits in living beings from one generation to the next.

Heredity

Sum of all the traits that are passed to a child from blood relatives.

Individual Life Cycle

Description of the stages of change people experience throughout life.

Intellectual Development

Development that concerns how people learn, what people learn, and how people express what they know through language.

Physical Development

Growth of the body and development of the large and small motor skills.

Social Emotional Development

Development that involves interactions with people and social groups, disposition, and emotions.

Stressors

Situations that cause worry and anxiety.

What are the four domains of Child Development?

Physical development, intellectual development, social development, and emotional development.

What are the six stages of the individual life cycle that involve children?

Prenatal, neonatal, infancy, toddler, preschool, and school-age (middle childhood)

How does heredity influence growth and development?

Heredity along with genes influence growth and development by carrying the instructions, that are passed from your family, and make you who you are.

How does environment influence growth and development?

The environment influences growth and development by affecting the way a child can form reactions and responses to the world and epigenome.

Age Norms

Typical time when a developmental milestone, such as walking or talking, occurs; an age norm can be expressed as an average age or an age range.

Developmental Acceleration

When a child performs like an older child.

Developmental Delay

When a child performs like a younger child.

Principals of Growth and Development

Statements of the general patterns in which growth and development take place in people.

Sequenced Steps

Steps in growth and development that follow one another in a set order.

Teachable Moments

Optimal time when a person can learn a new task.

Theory

Set of statements offered as a possible explanation for a phenomenon, such as child growth and development.

What are the principles of growth and development?

Patterens and theories that explain the way people generally grow and develop, that do not fit every person exactly.

Child Centered Society

Society that sees children as important, cares about their well-being, and works to meet their needs.

Direct Observation

Watching children in their natural environments.

Indirect Observation

Observation done by methods other than watching children, including asking other people questions about the children and observing the products children make

Self Actualization

To grow and feel fulfilled as a person.

Genes

Sections of the DNA molecule found in a person's cells that determine his or her individual traits.

Potential

The greatest amount or level possible.

Codified

Arranged in an orderly way.

Motivation

A child/person's desire to achieve, also makes growth and development rates vary.

Interrelated

Interacting in complex ways.

Hierarchy

Rank order.

Irreducible

Impossible to make smaller or simpler.

Empathize

Understand or relate to others.

Advocates

People who actively support a cause.

Domains

Areas

Growth

Change in size, such as height, or in quantity, such as vocabulary.

Confirm

Prove accurate

Disprove

Show to be wrong or false