Review Flashcards: History, Geography, Physical Fitness, Math, and Communication

These vocabulary flashcards cover Filipino cultural geography, indigenous groups, physical fitness physiology, life skills, mathematics formulas, and effective communication strategies based on the lecture transcript.

Geography (Heograpiya)

The physical stage where history takes place.

Environmental Determinism and Possibilism

The relationship between humans and the physical environment where nature sets limits and opportunities for how people live.

Bahay Kubo (Stilt House)

A traditional house in lowlands and riverbanks built using bamboo and nipa on raised ground to protect against floods and allow air circulation for cooling.

Fale (Igorot House)

A house found in mountainous regions like the Cordilleras with thick, low cogon roofs designed to retain heat and block cold highland winds.

Ivatan Stone Houses

Houses in Batanes made of thick stones, lime, and cogon roofs to withstand strong winds, typhoons, and rain.

Maranao

Meaning 'People of the Lake,' they reside around Lanao Lake, are known for the Torogan house architecture, and utilize Okir designs.

Maguindanao

Meaning 'People of the Plains,' they live along the Rio Grande (Pulangi River) and utilize fertile silt for farming rice and corn.

Tausug

Meaning 'People of the Current,' they are skilled sailors and traders from the Sulu Archipelago who established the Sultanate of Sulu.

Moro Wars

The long-standing conflict between the Moro people and Spanish colonizers that lasted for over 300 years.

Binukot

A tradition in the Panay mountains where a chosen girl is secluded from the community, prohibited from working or stepping on the ground, to memorize and chant epics like the Sugidanon.

Lepa

The traditional houseboat of the nomadic Badjao people which contains complete household items.

Cultural Relativism

The belief that a group's culture should be understood based on its own standards and not judged by the criteria of another culture.

Ethnocentrism

The perspective of viewing one's own culture as superior while looking down on others.

Xenocentrism

The perspective of viewing other cultures as superior and one's own culture as inferior.

Material Culture

Physical objects created and valued by humans, such as houses, clothing, and tools.

Non-material Culture

Abstract and intangible elements of society including beliefs, laws, values, customs, and language.

Cardiac Hypertrophy

The enlargement of the heart's left ventricle caused by regular aerobic exercise, which increases stroke volume.

Osteoblasts

Cells responsible for building new bone tissue, stimulated by resistance training.

Protective Factor

A condition or behavior, like physical fitness, that helps shield individuals from the harmful physical and psychological effects of stress.

Moderate-Intensity Exercise

Physical activity that reaches a target heart rate range of $50\text{--}70\%$ of the heart rate reserve.

Maximum Heart Rate (MHR)

Calculated by the formula: $MHR = 220 - \text{Age}$.

Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)

The difference between maximum heart rate and resting heart rate: $HRR = MHR - RHR$.

Karvonen Formula

A formula used to find Target Heart Rate: $THR = [(\text{MHR} - \text{RHR}) \times \text{Exercise Intensity}] + \text{RHR}$.

Interpersonal Effectiveness

The ability to communicate clearly, listen actively, and cooperate with others to achieve shared goals.

Mindfulness

The practice of intentionally focusing on the present moment without judgment, fostering awareness of thoughts and sensations.

Self-regulation

The ability to control emotions, behaviors, and impulses to achieve long-term goals.

SMART Goals

A key strategy for time management involving setting Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound objectives.

Social and Emotional Learning (SEL)

The process of acquiring skills to manage emotions, set goals, show empathy, and make responsible decisions.

Digital Literacy

The ability to use digital tools, devices, and platforms effectively.

Cybersecurity

The practice of protecting personal information and digital devices from threats.

Noise

Background details, filler words, and unnecessary information that obscure the essential message or 'Signal'.

Multimodal Text

A type of communication that strategically combines two or more modes, such as spoken and written language.

Personal Narratives

First-person accounts of real life experiences using dialogue, description, and sequencing to convey a lesson learned.

Appreciation

The increase in the value of an asset over time due to factors like demand or inflation.

Depreciation

The decrease in the value of an asset over time caused by usage, age, or obsolescence.

Mortgage

A specific loan used for real estate where the property serves as a guarantee until the debt is paid.

Scientific Notation

A way of expressing numbers in the form $a \times 10^{n}$, where $1 \leq a < 10$.

Rectangular Prism Volume

The formula for volume is $V = lwh$.

Sphere properties

A Perfectly round three-dimensional solid with 1 curved face, 0 edges, and 0 vertices.

Saloobin

A person's internal feelings, opinions, or perspectives that shape their behavior and reactions.

Active Listening (Aktibong Pakikinig)

The intentional focus on understanding a speaker's message and emotions, requiring empathy and full attention.

Eulogy (Eulohiya)

A formal speech delivered during a wake or funeral to honor the life and goodness of the deceased.