Employability Skills – Class X (NCERT) : Comprehensive Flashcards

70 question-and-answer flashcards covering key concepts from NCERT Class-X Employability Skills textbook: Communication (process, verbal/non-verbal, feedback, barriers, writing), Self-management (stress, motivation, goals, time), ICT (hardware/software, files, maintenance, security), Entrepreneurship (societal role, qualities, myths, career), and Green Skills (sustainable development, SDGs, individual actions).

What are the three parts of the basic communication process?

Transmitting (sender encodes), Listening (receiver decodes) and Feedback (receiver’s response).

Which element of the communication cycle conveys the receiver’s understanding back to the sender?

Feedback.

Name four common face-to-face non-verbal cues that affect communication.

Facial expressions, posture, gestures, eye contact.

What percentage of daily communication is NON-verbal according to the textbook?

About 93 % (55 % body language + 38 % tone/para-language).

Give two examples of barriers to effective communication.

Physical barriers (e.g., noise, distance) and Linguistic barriers (e.g., jargon, unfamiliar language).

State the 7 Cs of effective professional communication.

Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct, Coherent, Complete, Courteous.

Which punctuation mark is used to indicate strong feelings at the end of a sentence?

An exclamation mark (!).

Define a noun and give one example.

A noun names a person, place, thing or idea; e.g., ‘school’.‏

What is the difference between a DIRECT and an INDIRECT object?

Direct object receives the action (‘He threw the ball’), indirect object tells for/to whom (‘He threw me the ball’).

Convert to passive voice: “Ravi painted the house.”

“The house was painted by Ravi.”

What is ‘stress’ according to the module?

Emotional, mental, physical or social reaction to perceived demands or threats (stressors).

Write one physical and one mental sign of stress.

Physical – headache; Mental – excessive worrying.

Give two stress-management techniques mentioned in the book.

Time-management and physical exercise / fresh air (yoga, walking, deep breathing).

What are ABC of stress management?

A – Adversity (event), B – Beliefs (response), C – Consequences (outcome).

Define ‘self-awareness’.

Ability to recognise one’s own strengths, weaknesses, values, beliefs and emotions.

List two methods to discover your personal strengths.

Reflect on tasks you consistently succeed at; ask others for honest feedback.

Differentiate ‘interest’ from ‘ability’.

Interest is what you like/want to do; ability is the skill or proficiency to do it.

What does ‘self-motivation’ mean?

Internal drive that pushes us to achieve goals without external influence.

Name the two broad types of motivation.

Internal (intrinsic) and External (extrinsic).

Mention any three qualities of self-motivated people.

Know what they want, are dedicated/focused, and keep trying new ideas (are persistent).

Expand SMART in goal-setting.

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound.

Give an example of a SMART goal for a student.

“I will improve my maths average from 60 % to 80 % by practising 5 extra problems daily for the next 4 months.”

State the four-step cycle of effective TIME management.

Organise, Prioritise, Control (avoid time-wasters), Track.

Name the two main parts of a computer system.

Hardware and Software.

What is the role of an Operating System?

It starts when the computer boots and manages all hardware & software resources, providing a user interface.

Define ‘file’ and ‘folder’.

File – collection of data stored on a computer; Folder – container/location to store a group of files.

Give the keyboard shortcut for COPY and PASTE on most systems.

Copy – Ctrl+C ; Paste – Ctrl+V.

What is ‘backup’ of data?

Copying data to another storage location so it can be recovered if original is lost or damaged.

Name any two precautions for caring for computer hardware.

Keep food/drinks away; clean keyboard/screen with soft brush or cloth; ensure proper ventilation to avoid overheating.

What is a computer ‘virus’?

Malicious software that can damage data, steal information or disrupt operations.

How does strong password construction enhance security?

Combines uppercase, lowercase, numbers and symbols making it difficult to guess or hack.

Define ‘entrepreneur’.

A self-employed person who continuously improves their business, takes risks and tries new ideas.

Mention three positive impacts of entrepreneurs on society.

Create jobs, share wealth/raise income levels, lower product prices through competition.

List any three key qualities of successful entrepreneurs.

Confidence, Creativity, Perseverance (do not give up), Responsibility, Hard work.

State one function each of an entrepreneur: (a) Decision-making, (b) Income management.

(a) Choosing what/where/for whom to produce; (b) Allocating profits to raw materials, wages, expansion, etc.

Give one common myth about entrepreneurship and its reality.

Myth: Need a lot of money to start. Reality: Many businesses start small and grow; creative funding and gradual scaling can work.

Differentiate Wage-employment from Self-employment.

Wage-employment: work for someone else and earn salary; Self-employment: run your own business and earn profits.

Explain ‘sustainable development’.

Development that meets present needs without compromising ability of future generations to meet theirs, balancing economic growth, environment and social well-being.

Name any three Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the UN.

No Poverty; Quality Education; Clean Water & Sanitation; Affordable & Clean Energy; etc. (17 in total).

Why is clean energy (e.g., solar) important for sustainability?

Reduces dependence on finite fossil fuels and lowers environmental pollution/greenhouse gases.

Give two personal actions that support SDG ‘Responsible Consumption’.

Carry reusable cloth bags; repair leaking taps to save water; donate/recycle items; buy local seasonal produce.

What is ‘organic farming’?

Farming without synthetic fertilisers and pesticides, using natural methods to maintain soil fertility and ecological balance.

Name any two eco-friendly waste-management practices mentioned.

Vermicomposting and Using biodegradable/edible cutlery instead of plastic.

Give one example of a green innovation from India cited in the text.

Edible cutlery made from grains by Narayana Peesapaty; fully biodegradable bags by Avasth Hedge.

Explain the concept of ‘environmentally responsible citizen’.

An individual who adopts sustainable lifestyle choices at home, school and work to protect the environment.

What is ‘para-language’ in communication?

How something is said – tone, pitch, volume, speed, pauses (non-verbal vocal cues).

Which keyboard key moves the cursor to the beginning of a new line in a text editor?

ENTER (or RETURN).

What daily computer-maintenance activity prevents inbox overload?

Cleaning up e-mail inbox and downloading attachments to proper folders.

Define ‘worm’ and ‘Trojan Horse’ in cyber security.

Worm – self-replicating malware spreading across files; Trojan Horse – malicious program disguised as useful software.

Give two advantages of writing concise e-mails at work.

Saves reader’s time, reduces misunderstandings, and conveys key information clearly.

Why is feedback considered ‘specific, timely and polite’?

These attributes ensure the receiver understands exactly what to improve and remains motivated to act.

State one daily, one weekly, and one monthly computer maintenance task listed in the book.

Daily – clean inbox; Weekly – dust keyboard/monitor; Monthly – uninstall unused programs and run disk cleaner.

What is meant by ‘green skills’?

Technical skills, knowledge, values and attitudes needed to support sustainable social, economic and environmental outcomes.

Mention two steps individuals can take to help achieve SDG ‘Clean Water & Sanitation’.

Avoid open defecation, repair leaking pipes/taps, keep water sources free from garbage, build/ use toilets.

Give one example of visual communication sign and its meaning.

Radiation/biohazard warning symbol – indicates presence of hazardous radioactive material.

Which shortcut key combination UNDOs the last action in most software?

Ctrl + Z.

In stress management, why is adequate sleep important?

Recharges brain and body, reduces stress levels, improves productivity and mood.

What are environmental benefits of banning single-use plastic?

Reduces land & marine pollution, protects wildlife, lowers fossil fuel use in plastic production.

Why should you log out before leaving your computer unattended?

Prevents unauthorised access to your files and personal information.

How does ‘time tracking’ improve personal efficiency?

By recording how time is spent, you can identify waste and adjust priorities for better results.

Explain ‘drag and drop’ using a mouse.

Click-hold an item, move (drag) it to new location, then release (drop) to move or copy the item.

What is ‘noise’ in communication context?

Any physical or psychological interference that distorts or blocks the message between sender and receiver.

List the three major global resource problems cited:

Food (soil degradation), Water (pollution/scarcity), Fuel (deforestation & fossil fuel depletion).

Write the capitalisation rule represented by ‘T’ in TINS.

Capitalise the first letter of Titles used before people’s names (e.g., Dr, Mr).

Provide an example of internal motivation.

Practising guitar daily because playing music makes you happy.

Provide an example of external motivation.

Studying hard to win the ‘Best Student Award’ at year-end.

Why is adaptability included among key self-management skills?

It enables individuals to adjust to changes, learn new methods and remain effective in evolving situations.

What is a ‘SPAM’ email?

Unsolicited bulk message often containing advertising or scams; should be deleted or filtered.

How can ‘edible cutlery’ contribute to sustainability?

Reduces plastic waste, decomposes naturally if not eaten, and supports eco-friendly consumption.

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of verbal communication.

Advantage – quick exchange and clarification; Disadvantage – meaning can be lost if wrong words used or misunderstood accents.

What does ‘bios’ stand for and what is its role?

Basic Input/Output System – performs power-on self-test and loads the operating system during boot.