Group 3

What happened to Print Matthews and why

He was the son of a slave owner whose sons went to the Uni of MS and owned the biggest general store in Hazelhurst, he wanted the transition to freedom to be easier for blacks, he helped merge supporters into the Fusion Independent Party (blacks and poor whites), the white pop responded in a campaign of terror, the pulled a cannon around and shot it at blacks they found, they had beatings and murders to keep blacks from voting in 1833, most blacks fled and hid in the woods, Matthews was told not to vote, he did, he was killed

What did Booker T Washington seek for black people in America

Wanted the South to escape ag and shift to industrial, wanted blacks to be a vital part of the shift, he did not want equality, just a chance

What did William Sinclair discover while researching conditions for black in the south after Reconstruction

He found people like Benjamin Tillman who murdered innocent people for no reason other to just keep them from voting, he realized the importance of blacks voting because it was the only thing that gave them any power

Who wrote The Souls of Black Folks and what was it about (3 distinguishing factors, role of religion, role of the South)

Du Bois, explained what it meant to be black at the turn of the 20th century, said the new man in power was the poor whites, he recognized black culture and the role that religion played in it, three characteristics of the black church: preacher music and frenzy of service, religion gave blacks hope, the south will spawn the two most progressive movements in American history: Populists and Civil Rights

What was the true enemy of Blacks and poor whites

Poverty

Who gave the Atlanta Compromise Speech and why was it so important

Booker T Washington, said blacks accepted segregation and disenfranchisement, said white southerners did not need to fear that blacks would demand equality, wanted to work in industry not the immigrants, caused a lot of outrage

At the 1893 Cotton States & International Exposition in Atlanta, who gave a speech that led to him being identified as a leader of all African Americans in the United States?

Booker T Washington

What was the aftermath of slavery like in the South

Jim Crow laws, social segregation, separate worlds unlike before, racial violence and intimidation

What were the 4 ways the poor were disenfranchised

Poll taxes, literacy requirements, property requirements, all white primaries

Three factors leading to segregation (explain)

1. Southern urbanization - more mingling between blacks and whites

2. Merchants and planters unite - agree to disenfranchise and segregate black voters

3. The Compromise of 1877 - a pact that said Rutherford B Hayes (R) becomes president, in return the troops are pulled from the South ending Reconstruction and established “states rights” idea

What was WEB Du Bois originally like

From the north, went to school in the South, described Jefferson Davis as a decent and honorable person, found that black crime increased in Philly, found that poverty and segregation were destroying the Black community in America, believed racial problems were simply because of the lack of education

What changed WEB Du Bois and what was he like after

The lynching of Sam Hose, switched to journalism to record horrors, recognized Black culture had its own soul, wrote The Souls of Black Folk

Who was Sam Hose

Black man, accidentally murdered his landlord in self defense, lynched before trial could even happened, his knuckles were on display at the grocery store

Who was John Hope

Brown Uni grad, outraged with Washington, offended by Washington saying blacks do not want equality

What was the talented tenth

Written by Du Bois pre-transformation, educate and train a tenth of Blacks and they can lead the rest

What were Jim Crow laws? Give an example

The Black Codes with new names, meant to segregate, create different world, supposed to be separate but equal (Plessy v Ferguson) but it isn’t

Who were the muckrakers and what were they trying to achieve

Journalists that exposed the evils of tenement life, city gov corruption, and industry excess, did good to fix the problems

What were the basic themes of progressivism

Democracy - led to creation of direct primary, efficiency - science can be used to maximize labor, get state and gov to adopt budgets, 2 ideas for more efficient gov, regulation - bring national gov into business, four routes, Active gov.- national gov into many areas of public service (roads, education, conservation, and public health/welfare)

What were the 4 routes to regulation

Let businesses do their thing, adopt socialists program of public ownership, gov engage in program of trust busting to destroy monopolies, reform worst abuses of monopolies

What were the Progressives 2 ideas for an efficient city gov

Commission system - place city in hands of elected committees, City manager plan - professional urban planner, hired to direct efficient function of city municipal gov

What was boss rule and why did the progressive hate it so much

One man controlled the whole city because of the people he placed under him and kept getting reelected, made graft and corruption plentiful, expensive to provide services

What was the Wisconsin idea

Wants new test of citizenship to be concerned with triumph of public interest over private greed, wins passage of direct primary, create referedums, make regulatory boards for rrs, increases taxes on businessmen, create workmens comp

What was the purity crusade

Washington Gladden, sentiment for social justice motivated by strong religious ideals, push social gospel movement among liberal protestants, began with women, want to restore morality in public life

What were the tenements

Overcrowded housing

What was the Sherman antitrust act and what was it used for

Broke up trusts, TR used in 25 lawsuits

What was the galveston plan

Turn city into commission form of gov, voters select them, each administers different part of the city, no bosses, city wide elections reduce votng strength of minorities, use civil services examination to staff non election positions

What was the pure food and drug act

1st fed regulation of drugs, because of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

Who was Teddy Roosevelt

Why did they focus on conservation

TR was VP but McKinley was assassinated, Rep but reformer, conservtive progressive

What was the Square Deal

Tighten control on big business, regulating, broke up railroads and mining company

What was the difference between u boats and cruiser warfare

Cruiser warfare had rules like warning shots and could be seen, U boats came out of nowhere

What happened to the Lusitania

German sub sink British passenger ship with Americans on it, Brits used passengers as human shields, Germans promise not to sink passenger liners but increase strikes on merchant ships

What was the Zimmerman note and where did it come from

Telegram supposedly from Germany to Mexico intercepted by the Brits and sent to the US, note encourages Mexico to attack US if we enter the war in return of Germany helping Mexico recover its lost provinces of TX, NM, and AZ

What was the purpose of the War Industries Board

Make economy run smoothly, set production goals, control allocation of raw materials

What was the importance of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen points

Returns captured territories, opens international diplomacy to public view, guarantees free absolute navigation sea in peace and war, removes economic barrier, reduction of all military, colonies are free, calls for creation of the League of Nations (America does not agree even though it is an American idea)

Who were the central and axis powers

Germany, Japan, Italy and France, Britain, later US

How did the loans with the allies work

US bankers give loans to Britain and France, Wilson uses federal reserve money to guarantee loans to protect American banks

What were liberty drives

Paid with liberty bonds for war, provide largest amount of money for the war

What was the committee of public information

Distribute 75M pieces of prowar propaganda, passions they created soon overwhelm the nation, encourage people to turn in neighbors, xenophobia, create the paranoia that led to Red Scare

Who was Randolph Bourne

Vocalized intellectual criticism, The State - War is the health of the state, wars cannot exist without state, mindless power thrives on war, war corrupts a nations moral fabric, lead to blind patriotism, state and gov become virtually identical

What was the Espionage Act of 1917

Porohibit aid or help to enemy, outlaw treasonable publication and control mail, used to imprison Debs and prevent circulation of materials

What was the Sedition Act

Made it a crime to say anything against gov in times of war

Who was Henry Cabot lodge

Opposes League of Nations, believed League would bring America into unnecessary conflict and commit unnecessary economic and military forces

What led to the rise of suburbs in the 1920s

Blacks squeezed into cities for jobs, whites fled

Why did people have more leisure time in the 20s and what did they do with their time

Worked less because of labor saving devices, movies, theaters, recreation, travel, sports, etc

How did women’s work change in the 20s

Breakdown of women need to stay home, WWI brought women ino workplace but now out, segregted work still, want to participate in economy, cleaning more, shopping for family

What was the Harlem Renaissance and who was a famous poet

Young black writers trying to revitalize black culture and what makes them not American, Langston Hughes

What was the emergency quota act

Immigrants of any nationality not to exceed 3% of foreign born of that nationality counted in 1910 census

How did mass media influence the nation in the 20s

Newspaper, magazines, motion pictures, and radios

What was the model t and why was it important

Car you could mass produce and readily available, used assembly line, could afford

What were the new values of the 20s

Time divided between work, family, and leisure time, much more liberal, sexaulity growing

What was the 18th amendment

Prohibition act

What led to the rise of the KKK and what did they do

Mjor racist force, secret so no one knows who was in it, against immigrant, favor prohibition, frown on sexual immorality, modern politics and violence, burn crosses and march, fails in politics after scandal

What were the six major reasons for the bull market

Rising stock dividends, increase in personal savings, easy fed money policy (everyone gets loans), over production, lack of fed regulation, psychology of consumption

What happened on black Tuesday

Single most devastating day, prices fall so far they wiped out all profits made over last year, destorys little confidence people had left

What was the bonus army

WWI vets protesting for immediate pensions, 20,000 set up tent city and will not leave, Hoover sends army to stop protests and destroy tent city

What was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Approved $500 m to make loans from fed gov

What three things did the Social Security Act do

Provide retirement, establish unemployment fund, created disability and payments to mother with dependents

Who was JP Morgan

Convinced to buy 20M in stocks, market caught breath, saved day, big banker

Who was Herbert Hoover

Pres for GD, does nothing really, doesnt think gov should get that involved, everything bad named after him, tried to restore confidence, top down, create new jobs

What was the farm crisis

Large numbers of farmers went into deb, unable to pay bc crop prices dropped, stopped raining

What was the Emergency and Relief Construction Act

Gave 2B to state and local gov for local works

Explain the election of 1932

Voters have a choice, reelect Hoover who failed or FDR who insists that the gov will play a big role and have a new deal

Who was FDR and why did he sympathize with struggle

Born into wealth, politician, polio in 1921, wanted to try something

What was the Civilian Conservation Corps

Hire men to work on fed projects

What was the Agricultural Adjustment Act

Compensate farmers fr cutting back on production to raise demand and prices, pay farmers to plow under fields, disaster for tenant farmers and sharecroppers, help landowners

What was the Dust Bowl and how did it happen and what were the effects

Stopped raining, all ground blew away, people lost everything, moved to CA but still nothing

How did hitler solve the economic crisis of Germany once he took over

He gave people gov jobs but unlike the US he used them to build the military

What were the Nuremberg Laws

Take citizenship from peopel with 1 Jewish grandparent, forbidden from marrying or having sex with Aryans

What was Kristallnacht

7000 Jewish business destroyed, synagogues adn books burned, Jews sent to concentration camps to prepare for war

What was the Lend-Lease program

Churchill does not have money to purchase from US, ask FDR to help, 7B appropriated for allies and Brits

What was the Tri-Partite pact

Pact between Italy, Germany, and Japan that said if one was attacked the others two would fight

What led to the attack on Pearl Harbor

US and Japan were good friends, totally dependent on US, Japan in conflict with China, US sanction Japan, Japan joined Pact, US sees it as threat, meet many times but nothing, US rejects

What were the three options open to President Truman to end the war with Japan

Ending the war by negotiation - Japan refuses, shocking - bombs, military invasion - too costly

What was the Wat debt cycle

US banks funded German reparation, goes to Allies, Allies pay US back with the money from Germany

What were the neutrality acts

Series of laws passed by the U.S. Congress between 1935 and 1939 to keep the country out of foreign war

Who was Anschluss

Invaded Austria, first invasion, ethnic

What was D Day

Joint attack across English channel

What was the tube alloy program

the highly classified codename for the clandestine nuclear weapons research and development project initiated by the United Kingdom during the Second World War.

What was the purpose of the Presidents Commission on CR

Report outlined need to end political inequality and showed support

What was the Brown v Board of Ed decision and what did it do

Girl was being bussed to black school, NAACP helped suit, won, no Plessy v Ferguson separate but equal, no more segregation

What was the Southern Manifesto

Doc encouraged state govs to not comply

What were sitins

First at NC A&T, students mainly say it diners and would not leave until they got service

What was the Freedom Summer Project

In AL and MS (maybe) and was a movement of mainly white college kids volunteering to help black people vote and get schooling

What was the civil Rights at of 1964

• Prohibits discrimination in places of public service based on race, gender, or religion

• Outlaw discrimination in employment

• Authorize Justice Dept to begin lawsuits to desegregate public schools and other facilities

• Created Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

• Give federal money to help communities desegregate schools

Who was Thurgood Marshall

Head of NAACP legal team, wants to overturn plessy v ferguson, 5 cases

What was the Little Rock Crisis

1st tests of fed power, AR gov said no, schools not integrate, send National Guard to prevent after 3 weeks, Ike nationalized AR national guard forcefully integrate Central High School

What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa Parks arrested, bus system dependent on blacks so give in a year later

What was the SCLC

MLK group, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, church now lent preachers to movement

What was the March on Washington

I Have a Dream, pressure pres and Congress, hundreds of thousands of people

What happened at Kent State

4 dead, students gather to protest Vietnamese War, nationa gaurd open fire, trials meant for reward defendants had to regret their action

Why was the year 1968 so important

Everything fell apart, Tet Offensive, MLK and RFK die, bloody assault in Chicago on students, Walter Cronkites Vietnam editorial - urge peace

How did the GI Bill change society

Education for veterans, better prepared for white collar, no blacks and poor, vets had advantage, schools cut minority spots

Who was Betty Friedan

Feminine Mystique, Attacks popular notion that women could only find fufillment through child bearing and homemaking

What was the importance of Playboy on the development of American culture during the 1960s

Stress male liberation from sexual and financial restraints associated with ideal of family togetherness, sexualize female body

In the 1950s, the United States began to develop what is commonly identified as cultural homogeneity because of what factors

Expansion of highways, redistribution of people, TV and mass culture, religious revival

What was the Affluent Society

John Kenneth Galbraith, most negative, two questions: should womenpower be staying home and what kind of society doesn’t invest in schools, park, and public services whil eover producing for consumerism

How did students impact the New Left

Students are more fired up and change everything

What was SDS

Students for a Democratic Society (Vietnam Era): A historical, left-wing U.S. student activist group in the 1960s, famously known for its major grassroots protests against the Vietnam War.

What was the counterculture movement

No hippies, seeking revolutionary freedom rooted in personal liberation from social mores, living in commune away from society, LSD