STANDARD FIRST AID & BASIC LIFE SUPPORT-CPR WITH AED

FRANCIS HIDALGO

our instructor for standard first aid and basic life support-cpr with aed

FIRST AID

- an immediate help provide to a sick or injured person until professional medical help arrives or become available

- everything you can immediately do to help a person is considered as this

TRUE

first aid does not imply medical treatment and is by no means a replacement for it (TRUE OR FALSE)

BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

an emergency procedure that consists of recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and the proper application of CPR to maintain life until a victim recovers or advanced life support is available

PRESERVE LIFE

PREVENT FURTHER HARM AND COMPLICATIONS

SEEK IMMEDIATE HELP

PROVIDES REASSURANCE

first aid aims to accomplish the following goals (4)

ARTICLE 12 NO.4 OF ACT NO.3815 OF THE PHILIPPINE REVISED PENAL CODE BOOK ONE

any person who, while performing a lawful act with due care, causes an injury by mere accident without fault or intention of causing it is exempt from criminal liability

CONSENT

DUTY TO ACT

STANDARD OF CARE

NEGLIGENCE

ABANDONMENT

CONFIDENTIALITY

Legal Concerns (6)

ARTICLE 275 NOS. 1 & 2 OF ACT NO.3815 OF THE PHILIPPINE REVISED PENAL CODE BOOK TWO: "ABANDONMENT OF PERSON IN DANGER AND ABANDONMENT OF ONE'S OWN VICTIM"

1. any one who shall fail to render assistance to any person whom he shall in an uninhabited place wounded or in danger of dying, when he can render such assistance without detriment to himself, unless such omission shall constitute a more serious offense

2. anyone who shall fail to help or render assistance to another whom he has accidentally wounded or injured.

EXPRESSED CONSENT

IMPLIED CONSENT

two kinds of consent

EXPRESSED CONSENT

- are conscious and sound-minded adults

IMPLIED CONSENT

-automatic consent when unconscious

- more an action

NEGLIGENCE

if the action you made is not in the standard of care, that is considered to be ____________

TOUCHING THE PATIENT

start of your responsibility as a first-aider with the patient is when you ________ (after consent) and you cannot leave until the medical professionals come

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

those that can spread from one person to another and develop when germs invade the body and cause illness

DIRECT CONTACT

INDIRECT CONTACT

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION

VECTOR TRANSMISSION (BITES AND INJECTIONS)

DIAV

- these are ways where you can contract infectious diseases

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

set of strategies developed to PREVENT TRANSMISSION OF BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS

BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION (BSI)

precautions taken to isolate or prevent risk of exposure from body secretions and any other type of body substance such as urine, vomit, feces, sweat, or sputum

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

specialized clothing, equipment and supplies that keep you from directly contacting infected materials

EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

scene size-up

primary assessment

secondary assessment

PERSONAL SAFETY

whose safety should you prioritize the most?

I. SCENE SAFETY

II. KNOWING WHAT HAPPENED

- cause of injury

- nature of illness

III. Role of bystanders

IV. Number of Casualties

V. Asking permission or consent

SCENE SIZE-UP (5)

TRUE

knowing what happened (having general info.) to know what to prioritize (medical or trauma)

To obtain consent

• Identify yourself to the victim

• State your level of training

• Ask the victim whether you may help

• explain what you observe

• explain what you plan to do

AVPU MEANS

A-Alert

V-Responsiveness to voice

P-Responsiveness to Pain

U-Unresponsive/Unconcious

What is the correct rate of compressions for adults?

100-120/min

What should be done immediately after an AED delivers a shock

Resume Chest Compressions

What is agonal breathing

Occasional gasps and vocalizations

In CPR, when do you reassess the pulse and breathing

After 5 cycles or 2 minutes

Which pulse is checked in an unresponsive adult?

Carotid

For adult CPR, what is the compression to ventilation ratio?

30:2

What is the most important first action in the chain of survival?

Early access to EMS

In a 2-rescuer CPR for adults, how often should roles be switched

After every 5 cycles or 2 minutes

What is using a bag mask during cpr, it should be used with how many rescuers for best efficiency?

Two

What does the A in ABC of the primary survey stand for?

Airway

What is the first action after ensuring scene safety?

Assess response

Checking the fingers and toes to quickly assess blood circulation and oxygen flow

capillary refill test

In a primary survey, what indicates the need for CPR

No pulse and no breathing

What is the main goal of the secondary survey?

Identify and treat life-threatening injuries

In child CPR, the compression to ventilation ratio when performing two rescuer CPR is

15:2

What is the correct depth of chest compressions in an adult?

At least 2 inches, not more than 2.4 inches

What is the first action to take for a conscious adult with severe airway obstruction?

Perform abdominal thrusts

What is the recommended technique for relieving choking in an infant

Back blows and chest thrusts

What should you do if an adult becomes unresponsive while choking?

Start CPR and check airway after compressions

What is the correct first aid for a superficial burn?

Cool under running water for at least 10 minutes

Deep internal injury

Turn off the power source

White or charred

if it involves the face or airway

Keep the victim calm and still

Suck the venom out

Venomous snake bite

Immobilize and support the limb

What should you do if an object is embedded in a wound

Stabilize the object and control bleeding around it

What is a sign of an open fracture

Bone protruding through the skin