1.2.2 Urban's Problems and Ambitions for the Papacy

Why did Alexius I’s appeal to Urban II show Urban’s political power

Because Alexius appealed to him over other powerful kings’ showing Urban was seen as both a spiritual and political leader

What major conflict weakened papal authority before Urban’s time

The Investiture Controversy between Pope Gregory and Emperor Henry, where there was conflict over who could appoint bishops and abbots

How did Urban weaken Emperor Henry IV’s position in 1095

By exploiting a rebellion by Henry’s son and a scandal involving Henry’s wife, Praxedis

What action did Urban take against King Philip I of France in 1095

He confirmed Philip’s excommunication for adultery and imprisoning a bishop

How did Urban use the crusade to assert papal authority

By showing monarch he could rally Christendom and lead a major campaign

What long-term goal did Urban have for the Church

To unify the Eastern and Western churches under papal authority

How would launching a crusade unite the Western and Eastern church

Urban could present himself as the protector of all Christendom and reassert the pope’s leadership over the entire Christian world