AB1, L9: Hindlimb Blood Vessels & Nerves

Given def, answer w/ term

Aorta > subclavian > axillary > brachial > median

List the major arteries on the LEFT side of the canine thoracic limb:

_______ > _______ > _______ > _______ > _______

Aorta > brachiocephalic > subclavian > axillary > brachial > median

List the major arteries on the RIGHT side of the canine thoracic limb:

_______ > _______ > _______ > _______ > _______

brachial artery, median artery, and superficial palmar artery

list the 3 arteries used to find a palpable pulse on the canine forelimb

Cephalic, accessory cephalic, median cubital, brachial, axillary, and axillobrachial

List the 6 major veins of the canine thoracic limb:

Brachial and axillobrachial

2 of the 6 major veins of the canine thoracic limb:

• Clinical Relevance: Important in amputations where they should be ligated

cephalic

1 of the 6 major veins of the canine thoracic limb:

• Clinical Relevance: key for IV access

Median cubital

1 of the 6 major veins of the canine thoracic limb:

• Clinical Relevance: branches from the cephalic at the cranial elbow region and drains the medial limb

Brachial plexus

Nerves located from C6 to T2 which go from the spinal cord to the forelimb. The nerves include:

• Suprascapular

• Subscapular

• Axillary

• Musculocutaeous

• Radial

• Median

• Ulnar

Brachial plexus; lumobsacral plexus

The forelimb nerves originate from the _______ plexus, and the hindlimb nerves originate from the _______ plexus

8 cervical spinal nerves

Although there are only 7 cervical verterbrae, there are _______ cervical spinal nerves (which originate from spinal cord segments)

Brachial plexus

Damage to the _______ commonly leads to paralysis in dogs

Suprascapular nerve

Damage to the _______ nerve leads to:

• Lateral shoulder muscle atrophy

• Scapula spine becomes more prominent

• Animal can walk, but lateral “slip” of should may be visible

• Called “Sweeney” in horses

Musculocutaneous nerve

Damage to the _______ nerve leads to:

• Loss of medial sensation

• Compensatory adaption using pronator teres & carpal extensors (may be a subtle effect on gait)

Proximal; radial nerve

_______ damage to the _______ nerve leads to:

• Limb becoming useless; animal unable to bear weight or move limb

• Loss of sensation on dorsum of paw, causing animal to drag it on ground

Amputation is necessary

Distal; radial nerve

_______ damage to the _______ nerve leads to:

• Knuckling over

• Animal may learn how to “flip” their paw (although they would still be unable to extend carpus)

• Some ability to continue weight bearing

Amputation not always necessary

Axillary nerve

Damage to the _______ nerve effects:

• Shoulder flexors

Compensation is possible, so signs of damage may be subtle

Individual; median or ulnar nerve

_______ damage to the _______ or _______ nerve effects:

• Carpus & digit flexors

Compensation is possible, so signs of damage may be subtle

Median and ulnar nerve

Damage to the _______ and _______ nerve leads to:

• Sinking of carpus; animal appears flat footed

Compensation is possible, so signs of damage may be subtle