2.1 molecules to metabolism

metabolism definition

chemical processes the occur simultaneously in a cell to enable it to survive & carry out its functions.

catabolism + anabolism

anabolism vs catabolism

anabolism: synthesis - condensation rxn. req atp. eg protein synthesis, dna replication.

catabolism: breaking - by hydrolysis. release en. eg. digestion.

organic & inorganic c compounds

organic: all contain c&o, some H.

inorganic:

1. oxides of carbon - CO2, CO

2. hydrogen carbonates: HCO3-, Na2HCO3

3. carbonates: CO32-, CaCO3

CHO in carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

carbs: CHO

fats: CHO, some phosphate & other elements

proteins: CHON, some sulfur

nucleic acids: CHON, some phosphorus

types of carbs

monosaccharides: glucose C6H12O6, fructose, galactose, ribose/deoxyribose

di: lactose, maltose, sucrose

poly: starch, glycogen, cellulose

oligo: raffinose, stachyose

drawing of deoxyribose vs ribose

pentagon structure

5Cs

O at top

check C2 if deoxy or oxy

OH ontop of C1

CH2OH - 5C

drawing: alpha vs beta glucose

ABBA: a — OH above, b — OH below.

hexagon shape

6Cs

carbonyl C = 1st C

CH2OH - C6

C2: H always on top

disaccharide drawing & formation

condensation rxn - lose a H2O

1-4 glycosidic bond for maltose, or 1-6 for other

lipids: saturated fatty acid structure

H3C - (CH2)n - COOH carboxylic group. double bond C=O.

triglyceride structure

glycerol

3 fatty acid chains

ester bond in bw. COO.

phospholipid structure

glycerol backbone

2 HC fatty acid chains

1 PO4 phosphate group

steroid structure

complex rings of C atoms

eg. cholesterol

protein general structure

H2- NCC - OOH (carboxylic group)

NH2 amine group

COOH carboxyl group

H on top

variable R group below

dipeptides

through condensation rxn

peptide bond

OH from 1 carboxylic group, H from 1 amine group

nucleic acid types

dna, rna

theory of vitalism

theory = origin & phenomena of life are due to the presence of a vital principle, which is diff from purely chemical & physical forces

falsified by the accidental artificial synthesis of urea.