UT High School Health 1 Final Exam Review

What are the 6 areas of health?

1. physical

2. social

3. emotional

4. spiritual

5. environmental

6. mental

What is physical health?

the way in which the body works

What is emotional health?

ability to express emotions in a healthy manner

What is social health?

relationship with others

What is mental health?

ability to handle the everyday stress and demands of daily life

What is spiritual health?

relationship that you have with a power that is bigger than yourself

What is environmental health?

relationship with the world around you

What influences your health?

heredity, environment, family, friends, culture, media

What is heredity?

the passing of traits from biological parents to children

Examples of inherited traits

- skin color

- eye color

- hair color,

- body type and size

- growth patterns

- likelihood of getting certain diseases

What is a risk behavior?

actions or choices that may harm you or others

What is a cumulative risk?

related risks that increase in effect with each added risk

What does subjective mean?

comes from person's own views and beliefs

What does objective mean?

based on facts

What is a good method for solving disagreements?

cooperative problem solving

What are the 4 types of influences on health?

heredity, cultural, environmental, social

What are the two categories of defense responses in the immune system?

innate immune response and adaptive immune response

5 areas of non-specific immune responses

- skin and mucous membranes

- inflammatory response

- temperature

- proteins

- white blood cells

Why is a rise in temperature a good defense for the body?

as temp. increases, growth of organisms decrease causing body to fight off infections

List the two specific immune responses

humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity

What is an antigen?

stimulates the production of an antibody

What scientist first introduced the idea of immunizations?

Edward Jenner

List four disorders of the immune system

Immunodeficiency, Autoimmune, Allergic, Cancer

List three types of autoimmune disorders

Lupus, Junior Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma

What is another name for white blood cells?

leukocytes

List two types of leukocytes, and explain what they do

Phagocytes(chew up invading organisms), Lymphocytes(allow body to remember, recognize, and destroy invaders)

List three types of immunity

innate, adaptive, passive

List main components of the immune system

adenoid, tonsil, thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes

Chicken Pox

Definition: contagious viral infection caused by varicella-zoster virus

Method of Spread: direct contact with infected person/airborne transmission

Symptoms: rash, fever, fatigue, and headache

Onset of symptoms: 10-21 days after exposure

Complications: bacterial skin infection, pneumonia, encephalitis, and reactivation of virus

Fifth Disease

Definition: viral infection caused by parvovirus B19

Method of Spread: respiratory droplets, blood transfusion, or organ transplants from infected person

Symptoms: low-grade fever, "slapped face" rash, rash on body

Onset of symptoms: 1-4 days after onset of rash

Complications: joint pain, anemia, complications for pregnant women and individuals with weakened immune system

Hepatitis A

Definition: viral infection caused by hepatitis A virus

Method of Spread: personal contact with infected person, ingesting food/water contaminated with fecal matter with virus

Symptoms: fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, jaundice, and dark urine

Onset of symptoms: 15-50 days after exposure

Complications: liver failure, acute liver inflammation, complications for those with pre-existing liver conditions

Hepatitis B

Definition: viral infection caused by hepatitis B virus

Method of Spread: contact with infected blood/body fluids, childbirth

Symptoms: fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, jaundice, and joint pain

Onset of symptoms: 45-160 days after exposure

Complications: chronic liver infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer, complications for those with weakened immune system

Hepatitis C

Definition: viral infection caused by hepatitis C virus

Method of Spread: contact with infected blood/body fluids, childbirth

Symptoms: (mostly asymptomatic), fatigue, fever, nausea, loss of appetite, and jaundice

Onset of symptoms: 2 weeks to 6 months after exposure

Complications: chronic liver infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer, complications for those with weakened immune system

Impetigo

Definition: bacterial skin infection caused by Staphylococcus/Streptococcus

Method of Spread: direct contact with sores/nasal discharge of infected person

Symptoms: red sores, itching, pain, swollen lymph nodes

Onset of symptoms: 4-10 days after exposure

Complications: cellulitis, ecthyma, glomerulonephritis, and scarring

Infectious Mononucleosis

Definition: viral infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus

Method of Spread: close contact with saliva, blood transfusions, or organ transplants of infected person

Symptoms: severe fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes & tonsils

Onset of symptoms: 4-6 weeks after exposure

Complications: enlarged spleen, liver inflammation, anemia, complications for those with weakened immune system

Influenza

Definition: contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza virus

Method of Spread: respiratory droplets of infected person, touching surfaces with virus and then touching mouth, eyes, or nose

Symptoms: high fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, body aches, headaches, fatigue, vomiting/diarrhea

Onset of symptoms: 1-4 days after exposure

Complications: pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus & ear infections, worsening of chronic medical conditions, complications for those with weakened immune system/underlying health conditions

Meningitis

Definition: inflammation of protective membranes covering brain & spinal cord caused by bacterial/viral infections

Method of Spread: close contact with infected person, touching contaminated surfaces

Symptoms: high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, nausea, vomiting, confusion, seizure/coma

Onset of symptoms: 2-10 days(bacterial)/3-7 days(viral) after exposure

Complications: hearing loss, brain damage, seizures, shock, and death

Strep Throat

Definition: bacterial infection caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

Method of Spread: close contact with infected person, touching contaminated surfaces

Symptoms: sore throat, difficulty swallowing, red & swollen tonsils, white patches of pus on tonsils, swollen lymph nodes, fever, and headache

Onset of symptoms: 2-5 days after exposure

Complications: rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, kidney inflammation, and abscess formation around tonsils

Types of communicable diseases

bacteria, virus, fungi, and protozoa

Examples of communicable diseases

Influenza, Measles, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis

Bacteria

Definition: one-celled organisms that multiply and produce toxins that damage cells in tissue they invade

Examples: tuberculosis, cholera, and pneumonia

Virus

Definition: one-celled organisms smaller than bacteria that multiply, take over cells, and destroy them

Examples: polio, aids, and common cold

Fungi

Definition: single-celled organisms larger than bacteria

Examples: ringworm and other skin infections

Protozoa

Definition: single-celled organisms that enter through food and water

Examples: malaria

Examples of non-communicable diseases

asthma, allergies, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer

Symptoms of asthma

wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath due to inflamed airways

Symptoms of allergic reaction

itchy, watery eyes, sneezing, coughing, dark circles under eye, difficulty breathing, swelling of lips, dizziness, loss of consciousness

Cardiovascular disease

leading cause of death in US, risk factors include smoking, lack of physical activity, and poor nutrition

Diabetes

Definition: lifelong condition where body doesn't produce/properly use insulin

3 conditions occurring in diabetes

Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia, Ketoacidosis

3 major types of diabetes

Type 1: little or no insulin

Type 2: improper use of insulin

Gestational: high blood glucose in pregnancy

Cancer

uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, symptoms include fever, chills, night sweats, weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, malaises

Tests to detect cancer

CT scan, complete blood count, blood chemistries, biopsy of tumor, bone marrow biopsy, chest x-ray

Information about health screening

Mayo Clinic, NIH

Information about health screening for young adults

labtestonline.org

Information about mental health screening

nbsalliance.org

BRUH

BRUH

What 3 things should be included as disclaimers on health site?

statement(limitations, purpose, scope, authority, currentness), source, statement that it is general health advice not medical advise

How often should children see doctor?

0-6 months(every month), 6-18 months(every 3 months), 2-21 years(every year)

How often should adults see doctor?

every 2 years

How should adults select a doctor?

based on gender and any risk factors

Goal of preventative care

checks for diseases before symptoms develop

Periodicity Schedule

detailed summary of what questions/tests will doctor review during each visit

Benefits of preventative child care

prevent illness through discussions about nutritions/vaccinations, track development of children, parents letting know of concerns, creating trust between families and healthcare

Adult Preventative Care Timeline

summarizes what tests occur in which individuals and at which test

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening

Screening Eligibility: men aged 65-75 who have ever smoked

Disease Prevention: aneurysm

Frequency: one-time screening for eligible individuals

Alcohol Misuse Screening

Screening Eligibility: adults aged 18 or older

Disease Prevention: alcohol-related health issues

Frequency: routine healthcare visit/individual risk factors

Blood Pressure Screening

Screening Eligibility: adults aged 18 or older

Disease Prevention: blood pressure issues

Frequency: every 2 years for normal BP, frequent for high BP

Cholesterol Screening

Screening Eligibility: adults aged 20 or older

Disease Prevention: cholesterol issues

Frequency: 4-6 years for normal levels, frequent for high levels

Colorectal Cancer Screening

Screening Eligibility: men aged 50-75 with risk factors/history

Disease Prevention: colorectal cancer

Frequency: various screening & colonoscopy every 10 years

Depression Screening

Screening Eligibility: adults, pregnant, & postpartum women

Disease Prevention: depression

Frequency: routine healthcare visits/individual risk factors

Diabetes (Type 2) Screening

Screening Eligibility: overweight/obese adults aged 40-70, young individuals with risk factors

Disease Prevention: type 2 diabetes

Frequency: every 3 years for normal results, frequent for risk factors

Hepatitis B/C Screening

Screening Eligibility: those with high risk/history

Disease Prevention: hepatitis B/C

Frequency: 1-time screening/periodic screening for high risk

Obesity Screening and Counseling

Screening Eligibility: all adults

Disease Prevention: obesity

Frequency: routine healthcare visits

Tobacco Use Screening

Screening Eligibility: all adults & adolescents

Disease Prevention: cancer & lung disease

Frequency: routine healthcare visits

Social wellness checklist

make connections(protects health & lengthens life), take care of yourself(stress takes toll on health), get active together(positive health habit and connection), shape family's health(role model for healthy habits), kids bond(builds relation and confidence, manage feelings), build healthy relationships(improve wellbeing)

Emotional wellness checklist

build resilience(cope with difficulties), reduce stress(boosts resilience), quality sleep(think clearly, quicker reflexes, focus better), be mindful(be aware), cope with loss(healthy grieving), strengthen connections

Social determinants of health

safe neighborhoods & transportation, discrimination & violence, access to education & job, access to nutritious food & physical activity, pollutants, language & reading skills

Conflict-Resoultion Skills

understanding how conflict feels, listening to other side, speak directly and assertively

Forms of Communication

assertive, passive, aggressive

List Maslow's 4 physiological needs

food & water, rest, clothing & shelter, reproduction & health

List Maslow's 5 Hierarchy of Needs

physiological needs, safety needs, love & belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Explain Maslow's safety needs

need of safety for personal survival

Explain Maslow's social needs

needs related to interaction with others

Importance of Maslow's Hierarchy

helps to improve ourselves and others based on needs

Why are emotions important?

help communicate with others

Why is it important to communicate emotions?

necessary to enhance message, convey authenticity, and develop trust

What is healthy self-concept?

ability to know yourself & recognize strengths and weaknesses

Difference between self-concept and self-esteem

self-concept is description while self-esteem is evaluation

Characteristics of people with poor esteem

self-critical, ignores positive qualities, use negative words, blames self for wrongdoing

Causes of poor self-esteem

unhappy childhood, poor academic performance, chronic health issues, mental illness

Anxiety disorders

Overview: abnormal amount of anxiety

Symptoms: sweating, pounding heart, rigid body structure

Risk Factors: shyness, stress exposure, history, medication/condition

Treatment: psychotherapy, medications, support group, stress techniques

Borderline Personality Disorder

Overview: can't manage emotions

Symptoms: mood changes, avoid abandonment, unstable relationships

Risk Factors: family history, brain structure, surrounding factors

Treatment: psychotherapy, medications, therapy for caregivers/family

Bipolar Disorder

Overview: illness where there are unusual shifts in person's mood, energy, activity levels, & communication

Symptoms: increase/decrease of energy, trouble concentrating, low self-esteem

Risk Factors: brain structure/function, genetics

Treatment: psychotherapy, medications

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Overview: abnormal amount of anxiety

Symptoms: sleep problems, having headaches, difficulty controlling worry/concentration

Risk Factors: shyness, stress exposure, history, medication/condition

Treatment: psychotherapy, medications, support group, stress techniques

OCD

Overview: uncontrollable behavior with urge to repeat task

Symptoms: fear of imperfection, excessive tidiness, arranging in precise way

Risk Factors: brain structure/function, genetics, environment

Treatment: psychotherapy, medications

Panic Disorder

Overview: abnormal amount of anxiety

Symptoms: sweating, chest pain, feeling of doom/out of control

Risk Factors: shyness, stress exposure, history, medication/condition

Treatment: psychotherapy, medications, support group, stress techniques

Types of depression

Major Depression: severe depression lasting for 2 weeks

Persistent Depressive Disorder: less severe depression lasting for 2 years

Prenatal Depression: depression before & after pregnancy

Seasonal Affective Disorder: depression related to seasons

Psychosis: severe depression with hallucinations/ delusions

Types of anxiety disorders

social anxiety disorder, phobias, separation anxiety disorder

Schizophrenia

disorder which affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves, includes psychotic, negative, and cognitive symptoms