Main functions of the respiratory system
exchange gases between the atmosphere and blood, regulate pH, body temperature and hydration status
Ventilation
mechanical events of breathing
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Main functions of the respiratory system
exchange gases between the atmosphere and blood, regulate pH, body temperature and hydration status
Ventilation
mechanical events of breathing
Respiration
transport of O2 to tissues
External respiration
exchange of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and blood
Internal respiration
exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood vessels and tissues
Cellular respiration
consumes O2 for energy, produces CO2
Conducting zone
zone that air moves through, made of cartilage
Respiratory zone
site of gas exchange
Inspiration (active)
air flows into lungs as pressure goes down
Expiration (passive)
air flows out of lungs as pressure goes up
O2-Hb dissociation curve
as O2 pressure goes down, O2 saturation in Hb goes down
Shift curve to the right
increases in temperature, drop in pH
Shift curve to the left
decreases in temperature, increase in pH
Ventilation-perfusion matching
amount of gas and blood flow reaching alveoli should be matched for efficient gas exchange
Pulmonary arteries
deliver deoxygenated blood to lungs for gas exchange
Pulmonary capillaries
site of gas exchange between blood and lungs
Pulmonary veins
carry oxygenated blood from respiratory zones to left atrium
CO2 transport
70% is transported as bicarbonate ions in plasma - buffer to control pH
P CO2 levels rise
chemoreceptors send signals to increase depth and rate of breathing
P O2 levels drop
chemoreceptors send signals to increase ventilation