key individuals for a revolution in medicine

Louis Pasteur

He investigated why wine and beer went sour and designed experiments to show that if air was kept out then the liquid inside won't go off. He identified the specific microbe responsible for sourcing wine and showed that heating it to the right temperature could kill all microbes. Accidentally left cholera germs unrefrigerated and found that it have chickens immunity

Thomas Beddoes and Humphreh Davy

Experimented with inhaling nitrous oxide and in 1800 Davy published an account on how the gas made him laugh and relaxed

Horace Wells

Saw nitrous oxide as an anaesthetic possibility and used it to remove his tooth in 1844

William Clark

Experimented using ether as an anaesthetic for a tooth extraction

Robert Liston

Used ether as an anaesthetic for a leg amputation and popularised it in britain

James Simpson

Discovered inhaling chloroform made him unconscious and could be used as an anaesthetic

Hannah Grenner

She died after an incorrect dose of chloroform was given to her during an operation to removed a toenail

John Snow

He administered chloroform to Queen Victoria during childbirth, developed a chloroform inhaler. Investigated the cholera outbreak do 1854 and found it was from a water pump through mapping and logical thinking

Joseph lister

Read about Pasteur’s germ theory and wondered if he could use a chemical that can kill bacteria that infects wound during surgery. Started using carbolic acid and soaked instruments, and bandages in them

Charlton Bastian

Supported the idea of spontaneous generyauon,. Wrote and lecture against Lister between 1860s and 1870s

Semmelweis

Discovered that his dirty hands could be the cause of the deaths of women giving birth. He ordered doctors to wash their hands, but couldn't explain why

Florence Nightingale and Mary Seacole

They both helped nurse soldiers in the Crimean war, promoted cleanliness and set up their own hospitals

William Halsted

Used antiseptics in his operating theater and asked a tyre company to make gloves for a nurse as her skin reacted badly with the antiseptics

John Tyndall

Carried out experiments to show that microbe exists in Teja to to support Pasteur’s germ theory

William Cheyne

Translated Koch’s work into English in 1879. Published a paper discovering Koch’s findings and explained that some microbes are harmless and does not lead to disease

Robert Koch

He linked specific germs to specific diseased. Identified the germs responsible for anthrax, tuberculosis and cholera

Paul Ehrlich

Developed Salvarsan 606, an effective treatment for syphillis. Encouraged outhrt doctors to search for magic bullets

William Farr

Worked on the compulsory registrations of births, ma4riaged and deaths. Recognised the need for accurate information

Edwin Chadwick

Explored the links between poor health and poverty.

Southwood Smith

Studied diseases caused by poverty. Published a report on public health anti support Chadwixk’s works

Thomas Barnardo

Shocked by the poverty and opened 96 homes to help 8500 children

Joseph Bazelgette

He designed and engineered the new sewage systems in London. The government funded hum £3million. Stopped the bad smells and cholera

Thomas Beecham

Opened a factory to produce medicines. Some were effective but others were dangerous