Ch 11 Ap World

Pastoralism

Pastoral societies have less productive economies, require larger grazing areas, have smaller populations connected by bloodlines, and form tribes based on common values. Women had a higher status. communities moved based on environment.

Modun

Modun was the charismatic leader of the Xiongnu Empire who united fragmented nomadic communities and gained recognition from the Han dynasty in China.

Xiongnu Empire

The Xiongnu was a large-scale nomadic empire in the Mongolian steppes that created a military confederacy in the 3rd and 2nd centuries B.C.E.

Turks

The Turks originated from nomadic communities, adopted Islam, and influenced agricultural communities, spreading their culture and language.

Almoravid Empire

The Almoravid Empire was initiated by Ibn Yan's pilgrimage to Mecca, leading to a religious movement that spread Islamic culture in Northwestern Africa and Southern Spain.

Temujin

Temujin faced a tough childhood after his father's murder, relied on friendship for alliances, and gained followers through generosity and ruthlessness.

Chinggis Khan

Chinggis Khan united nomadic communities by designating allies based on blood relations and establishing a military structure.In 1209, he started a expansionist campaign, attempting to expand in China and central Asia. The empire grew to one of the world's largest land based empires with a population of 1 million.

Mongol World War

The Mongols used severe punishment for rule-breaking and rewarded good behavior, exploiting divisions within other empires to conquer them. China was the main target.

Yuan Dynasty

The Mongols adopted Chinese political culture, built infrastructure like roads and canals, and ruled using a Chinese-style dynasty.

Khubilai Khan

Grandson of Chinggis Khan, promoted agricultural production and listened to his wife's policy ideas.

Hulegu

Hulegu was Chinggis Khan's grandson who led the second invasion into Islamic Persia and became the first il-khan of Persia.

Khutulun

Khutulun was a woman warrior known for her skills in horse riding, wrestling, and archery, and she led her father's army.

Kipchak Khanate, also known as the Golden Horde

The Kipchak Khanate was founded by Batu Khan, covering the northwestern part of the Mongol Empire and blending Mongolian and Turkish cultures.

Black Death

The Black Death was a mutation of Yersinia Pestis, a bubonic plague that spread rapidly due to increased trade and fleas on rats, leading to massive population declines.