TEXT AS CONNECTED DISCOURSE

Text

- the original words and form of a written or

printed work

Text

- the main body of printed or written matter

on a page

Text

- is composed of words on a page or notation

on sheet music

Reading

- is such a critical life skill

Reading

- as a form of language processing, is the

complex cognitive process of decoding

symbols (and signs) to derive meaning.

Discourse

- verbal interchange of ideas especially:

conversation

Discourse

- connected speech or writing

connected discourse.

when certain symbols such as letters of the

alphabet combine in a certain way to make certain

words, and such words combine into phrases, into

sentences, into paragraphs, into compositions,

Content words

- nouns, verbs, adjectives

Content words

Ex.: chalkboard, fingernails, lyrics, song, sound.

Function words

- articles: a/an, the

- conjunctions: Coordinating (For, And, Nor,

But, Or, Yet, So) and Subordinating

- prepositions: in, on, at

- discourse

- meaning

Certain combinations of words create certain

kinds of __________, and therefore certain kinds of

_________.

Speaking and writing

- are called active or productive skills in

language learning because such actions

require learners to produce language.

Listening and reading

- are passive or receptive skills because

learners are on the receiving end of

language.

Writing skills

- are the ones most often used by teachers to

gauge the learner's language proficiency

level.

Speech

is public and more often an issue of

confidence, whereas, writing, because it is in

black and white, reflects the learner's level

more accurately.

skimming

quickly reading a text to get only its main idea.

skimming

one of the strategies in speed

reading, you only need to read a part of the

material, and not the whole of it.

scanning

searching for specific phrases in

the text to answer some questions.

scanning

The keyword is keyword. You have to look for

those keywords in the text, underline them

when you can, and when you get to the

questions after this, _____ the text quickly to

find the answers.

Context clues

- are just that: clues that help you understand

the meaning of a word based on its context

(the words surrounding it, its placement in

the sentence, etc.)

Context clues

A dictionary may not always be available and

so we resort to these clues to help us out in

decoding the mystery of the unknown

word/s.

Synonyms

A material from Miami Dade College tells us

that this includes a repetition of an idea

expressed in familiar words nearby.

Definition

- Again, Miami Dade College lists these clues:

use of "that is" or "i.e.", commas, dashes, and

parentheses

Antonyms

- Words like "although", "however", and "but"

may signal contrast or antonym clues.

Explanation

- In some cases, this may also be in the form

of an example. Words like "including", "such

as", and "for example", point these out.

Word parts (affixes)

- This is one of the reasons learning about

prefixes and suffixes is so crucial in your

grade school days.

Word parts (affixes)

Kathy Glass tells us to break down the word

into its component parts: the base word, and

the affixes (prefix, suffix) to get what it

means.

Close reading

- According to Burke (n.d.), _______is a

thoughtful, critical analysis of a text that

focuses on significant details or patterns to

develop a deep, precise understanding of the

text's form, craft, meanings, etc.

Close reading

It is the

opposite of speed-reading in the sense that

it requires you to stay with the text

repeatedly to get its meaning as accurately

as possible.