urology pt 2

polycystic kidney disease

hereditary disease characterized by cysts un the kidney that eventually distroy the nephrons causing kidney failure

hydronephrosis

enlargement of the kidney

nephrolithiasis

kidney stone or calculus formation in the urinary system

pyelonephritis

inflammation and infection of the pelves of the kidneys

renal cell cancer

cancerous tumor that arises from tubules in the nephron

wilms tumor

a rare kidney cancer that primarily affects children, often presenting as a palpable abdominal mass.

renal failure

disease in which kidneys decrease their urine production and then stop producing urine

uremia

excessive amount of waste productin the blood due to kidney failure, leading to symptoms such as nausea, weakness, and confusion.

cystitis

inflammation or infection of the bladder

cystocele

hernia in which the bladder bulges through the weakness in the muscular wall of the vagina or rectum

neurogenic bladder

a condition caused by nerve damage affecting bladder control, leading to urinary retention or incontinence.

epispadias

congenital condition where the female urethral meatus is in an abnormal location

anuria

absense of production of urine by kidneys because of acute or chronic renal failure

dysuria

difficult or painful urination

enuresis

involuntary release of urine

glycosuria

glucose in the urine

hematuria

blood in the urine

hypokalemia

a lower than normal level of potassium in the blood.

incontinence

the inability to control urination

ketonuria

the presence of ketones in the urine

nocturia

the excessive urination at night.

pyuria

white blood cells in urine indecating urinary tract infection

polyuria

producing excessive amounts of urine due to diabetes mellitus or diabetes inspidus

oliguria

decrease production of urine due to kidney failure

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

measures amount of urea

culture and sensitivity

test to identify the cause of a urinary tract infection

creatinine

measures amount of creatine

urinalysis

describes characteristics in urine and detects substances in it

dialysis

procedure to remove waste products in blood of a patient in renal failure

hemodialysis

uses a fistula or a shunt in a patients armto filter blood through a machine, removing waste and excess fluids.

catherization

procedure in which a cather (flexible tube) is inserted through the urethra and into the bladder to drain urine

intake and output

documents the total amount of fluid intake and fluid output

kidney transplantation

surgical procedure to replace a diseased kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor.

nephropexy

procedure to correct a kidney that is in an abnormally low position by suturing it back to its anatomical position

urethroplasty

procedure that involves plastic surgery to reposition the urethra

urinary tract infection

general category of an infection anywhere in the urinary tract

kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

procedure that uses an x ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder done without contract dye

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

procedure that uses x rays and raidopaque contrast dye

specific gravity

measurement of the comcentration of urine as compares to water

nephrotic syndrome

damage to the pores of the capillaries of the glomerulus

calculogenesis

process of kidney stone formation

vesiconvaginal fistula

an abnormal connection between the bladder and the vagina causing urine leakage into vagina

hypospadias

opening of the penis is on the underside rather than the tip

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, affecting their ability to filter waste from the blood.