AP HUG 1.2-1.5

Geographic data collected through field observation

A researcher taking notes on housing styles in a neighborhood

Primary purpose of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

To collect and analyze spatial data for decision-making

Example of volunteered geographic information (VGI)

User-submitted locations in an online mapping app

Census data purpose

Developing population density maps

Qualitative geographic data

A description of cultural traditions in a rural village

Remote sensing application

Monitoring deforestation over time

Data source for detailed demographic information

Census surveys

Spatial data definition

Information tied to a specific geographic location

Big data in geography distinction

It consists of large, complex datasets often collected in real time

Concept of geospatial data illustration

A database of coordinates and attributes for all roads in a county

Power of geographic data in decision-making

It allows for analysis of spatial relationships to solve problems.

Government use of geographic data

To allocate resources and plan infrastructure projects

Tools for visualizing geographic data

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Advantage of geospatial data in business decision-making

It provides insight into customer distribution and preferences.

Source of real-time geographic data

A live traffic monitoring app

Potential limitation of geographic data

It may be incomplete or outdated, leading to inaccurate analyses.

Primary role of remote sensing in geographic data collection

Capturing large-scale imagery of Earth's surface.

Geographic data support for environmental sustainability

By identifying areas most at risk for natural disasters and habitat loss.

Importance of geospatial data in urban planning

Helps design effective land use strategies and infrastructure.

Example of geographic data influencing public health

Identifying the source of a disease outbreak using spatial data.

Concept of spatial interaction

A commuter traveling from a suburb to a city for work.

Primary focus of spatial concepts in geography

Analyzing relationships and patterns between locations.

Concept of distance decay

The diminishing importance of an idea or service with increasing distance from its origin.

Example of time-space compression

The spread of high-speed internet connecting distant locations.

Example of relative location

The store is located 2 miles north of the town square.

Definition of spatial distribution

The physical gap or distance between two objects.

Pattern

the arrangement or organization of objects in a space, such as the clustering of fast-food restaurants in specific areas.

Spatial association

when two phenomena are related in their spatial distribution, such as the link between industrial areas and pollution levels.

Scale

the relationship between the size of an area being studied and the area as a whole. Comparing city and country populations is an example of different scales of analysis.

Globalization

the process of increased connectivity and interdependence among countries, facilitated by advancements in communication and transportation technologies.

Environmental determinism

the idea that physical environment shapes human behavior and societal development. Coastal access influencing economic strength aligns with this idea.

Possibilism

the idea that while the environment provides certain constraints, humans can innovate and adapt, as seen in using technology to take advantage of sunlight in deserts.

Resilience

the capacity of a system or society to recover from environmental stress or disturbances while maintaining its essential functions.

Cultural landscape

reflects human modification of the environment to support agricultural needs, highlighting the cultural landscape shaped by human interaction with nature.

Irrigation systems

Possibilism demonstrates how humans adapt to environmental challenges, such as using irrigation systems to cultivate crops in regions with limited rainfall.

Deforestation

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— in the Amazon is largely caused by the clearing of land for agriculture, particularly cattle grazing and soybean production.

Sustainable development

this aims to ensure that current needs are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, balancing environmental, economic, and social factors.

Anthropogenic environmental change

caused by human activity. Dams are a clear example of human-induced environmental modification affecting natural ecosystems.

Urbanization

involves clearing land and altering ecosystems, leading to habitat loss and reduced biodiversity in local areas.

Desertification

when fertile land becomes degraded into desert-like conditions, often as a result of unsustainable human activities like overgrazing and deforestation.

what is quantitative data

facts, stats, can be easily replicated

what it qualitative data

opinions, observations, leads to discussions, understanding cultures/ quality of life

site

absolute, physical characteristics of landscape

situation

relative, how a place is impacted by surrounding areas