CPCE/NCE Prep: Professional Orientation PPT Review

overview of counseling

application of mental health, psychological, or human development principles, thought cognitive, affective, behavioral, or systematic intervention, strategies that address wellness, personal growth, or career development, as well as a pathology

foundational principles (models) of counseling

wellness model of mental health

medical model

developmental perspective

challenges that are encountered throughout the developmental process

prevention and early intervention

counseling espouses a preferences for prevention rather mediation

empowerment of clients

counselor strive to assist clients in independent problem-solving

pre-1900s

counseling emerged in response to turbulent social conditions of the industrial revolution

1900-1909

Frank Parsons

“father of vocational counseling”

1910s

National Vocational Guidance Association (NVGA)

army alpha and army beta

1920s

development of psychometric tools

Vocational Interest Inventory

1930s

E.G. Williamson

first theory of counseling

1940s

WWII

Carl Rogers

1950s

creation of the APGA

1960s

community health centers act

group counseling became popular

1970s

counseling becomes separate from psychology

1980s

development of NBCC, CACREP, and CSI

1990s

AACD became head of ACA

2000s

focus on social justice, creativity, and unified professional counseling orientation

managed care providers

serve as gatekeepers and dictate what counseling services a client may receive

decreases in the number of sessions and reduced financial reimbursement for counselors

promotion of wellness

holistic wellness including physical, intellectual, social, psychological, emotional, and environmental aspects of living are now included as components of total wellness

computer managed counseling (CMC)

speeds up administrative tasks such as record keeping and notetaking which is generally accepted

computer assisted counseling (CAC)

counseling via the internet

advocacy

acting as advocates helps clients to challenge institution and social barriers that hinder optimal development

counselors are encouraged to be involved in legislation impacting the profession

successful counselors possess both…

knowledge (education, knowledge of self, etc.)

personality (ability to listen, empathy, genuineness)

practitioner-scientist model

knowledge of research methods

collect and use date

counseling versus other helping professions

counseling is the primary service rendered to clients

licensure

legal process whereby a state agency regulates aspects of the practice of counseling within the state

title acts

licensure law

state regulate the use of the title “counselor”, “professional counselor”, or “licensed counselor”

most states have licensing laws that could be considered title acts

practice acts

licensure law

states regulates who may practice activities generally known as counseling

licensure and certification are…

not the same thing

American Association for State Counseling Boards (AASCB)

facilitates communication between states with licensing laws and Licensure Portability

National Credential Registry

assists with licensure portability from state-to-state

group I and group II levels

certification

voluntary

process whereby an agency, which may be either gorvernmental or private, attests or affirms that an individual counselor has met the minimum qualifications established by the agency

National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC)

primary certification organization for counselors

NCSC, CCMH, MAC

Association of Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES)

Robert Stripling

counseling education standards began in the 1960s

CACREP

counsel for accreditation of counseling and related educational programs

sets national standards for master’s and doctoral level counselor preparation programs and specialty areas

benefits of belonging to a professional organization

provides info and resources for developing knowledge and skills (CEs)

networking and associate

advocacy and improvement of the profession

American Counseling Association (ACA)

primary professional organization of counselors

19 divisions

ethical standards…

help to reduce the amount of personal subjectivity a counselor must assume in making a decision

Kitchener’s ethical decision making model

autonomy: self-determination of the client

nonmaleficence: do no harm

beneficence: strive for promoting the health of clients

justice: equality and fairness for all clients

fidelity: responsibility and trust in counseling relationship

Miller and Davis’ seven-step model of ethical decision making

1. identify the problem

2. apply the ACA Code of Ethics

3. determine the nature and dimensions of the dilemma

4. generate potential courses of action

5. consider the potential consequences of all options, choose a course of action

6. evaluate the selected course of action

7. implement the course of action

ACA 2014 sections

the counseling relationship

confidentiality and privacy

professional responsibilities

relationships with other professionals

evaluation, interpretation, and assessment

supervision, training, and teaching

research and publication

distance counseling, technology, and social media

resolving ethical issues

NBCC code of ethics sections (as of 2005)

general

counseling relationship

counselor supervision

measurement and evaluation

research and publication

consulting

private practice

certification examination

differences between laws and ethics

both based upon accepted norms, beliefs, values, and customs of society

laws generally more prescriptive and carry greater penalties for noncompliance

laws represent minimum standards of behavior necessitated by society

ethics are ideal behavior standards

ethics and law law may indeed conflict at times

law

precise codification of governing standards that are established to ensure legal and moral justice

types of laws

statutory

case (common(

regulatory

important issues

client welfare and informed consent

confidentiality and privileged communication

client records and subpoenas

competence and malpractice

boundary issues

counseling children

technology