Cultural Variations and Social Differences in Gender

Society

Defined as a collection of people in a specific territory who share the same norms, values, and culture. These people work together, with the guidance of social norms, to maintain and sustain harmony in society.

Sex

Refers to biological differences that distinguishes humans and other animals into two main categories: male and female

Gender

It is encompasses all the social, cultural, psychological characteristics that a culture assigns to males and females. It categorizes whether which behaviors and traits are appropriate for men and women.

Gender Role

It is defined as culturally-assigned tasks and activities to sexes.

Sex-Gender System

It is tells us how gender and gender roles are a product of one’s biological sex.

Culture

Largely involved in defining gender in societies. The concept of gender as a cultural construction tells us that gender is a product of how societies and their culture adapted to the conditions of their natural and social environment.

Socioeconomic Class

It is refers to a category that groups people with the similar economic, social, cultural, and political status.

Peninsulares

The highest socioeconomic class back then are _____, which are citizens with pure Spanish blood who were born in Spain.

Insulares

Pure Spaniards born in the Philippines (Second highest socioeconomic class)

Ilustrados

Are Filipinos who studied abroad (Third highest socioeconomic class)

Indios

Are native Filipinos that are born and raised in the Philippines. Fifth in the hierarchy.

Chinese Mestizos

Are fourth in the hierarchy

Upper

Middle

Lower

Economic Capital

Social Capital

Cultural Capital

Ethnic Group

refers to a specific group of people having certain similar characteristics and a distinct cultural identity, which distinguish them from other groups in the community or society.

Ethnicity

Used to denote the shared culture of these groups, which includes cultural heritage, language or dialect, religion, traditions and rituals, norms, values, beliefs, and other practices.

Race

A socially constructed category attributed to people who share the same biological traits or attributes

Religion

A set of beliefs and ritual practices related to symbols, which are considered as sacred

Minority groups

Differences among ethnic groups may also lead to _________, collective groups of people who are singled out, distinguished, and treated as subordinates or inferior by the dominant or majority group, because of their physical or cultural characteristics.

Prejudice and Stereotypes

As much as the concept of ethnicity propagates the idea of being one and the same with people whom you share cultural traits, it also strengthens differences among ethnic and cultural groups. In some cases, these differences may lead to conflict and issues. Each ethnic groups may develop _______ and _______ about other ethnic groups.

Bourgeois

The class that owns the “means of production” (e.g. monetary, land, technological capital), which are needed in order to initiate production

Proletariats

Are anyone who is not an owner of the means of production and must work in order to survive.