antisocial personalities

antisocial def

actions taken that go against societal norms

Asocial def

lack of desire or ability to engage with others

what fallacy is associated with defining psychopathy

jingle fallacy

e.g., ‘psychopathy’ describing features of psychopathy, sociopathy, and antisocial behaviors

Cleckley importance

daddy of psychopathy

described ‘psychopathy’ as a personality disorder rather than a psychiatric illness

16 core traits

Cleckly characterized psychopaths as

superficially charming, intelligent, having shallow emotional depth, engaged in antisocial behavior (sometimes violent)

• antisocial behaviors often have no clear motive

  • lack of psychoticism

Hare’s def of psychopathy

two dimensions

• factor 1: interpersonal and affective

• factor 2: lifestyle and Antisocial

why is psychopathy heterogeneous

not everyone with psychopathy engages in antisocial behaviors

not everyone with psychopathy completely lacks empathy

not everyone with psychopathy have similar etiologies

Lykken model of psychopathy

three types

• psychopathy (primary psychopathy)

  • noncriminal psychopaths

• sociopathy (secondary psychopathy)

psychopathy (primary - Lykken) causes

person fails to become ‘socialized’ (becomes antisocial) due to genetic predisposition

• think nature

temperament of primary psychopathy (lykken)

fearless, impulsive, and prone to intense rage as a child

• reduced sensitivity to punishment

• difficult to parent

defined by fearless dominance

primary psychopathy presentation

fearless dominance

calculating and premeditated

incapable of forming truly deep and emotional bonds with others

complete lack of empathy

immune to anxiety

sociopathy (secondary psychopathy) causes

person fails to become ‘socialized’ (antisocial) due to poor parenting, neglect, trauma, and adversity

• think nurture

sociopathy (secondary psychopathy) presentation

emotional reactive

• impulsive act out of anger, frustration and fear

disorganized

difficulties with empathy due to upbringing

reactive to the environment

road to antisociality for psychopaths

socializing deficits are due to under-socialization caused due to inherent emotional deficits

road to antisociality for sociopaths

socialization deficits are due to mis-socialization caused by environments

successful psychopaths characterization

noncriminal psychopaths

dont necessarily engage in overtly criminal behavior

may be adequately socialized to utilize their fearless dominance for success

• become lawyers, surgeons, military commander, presidents

why was DSM III bad for criteria on antisocial PD

criteria based on professional consensus rather than empirical evaluation also stigmatizing

why was ASPD diagnosis an area of contention

one view was that ASPD should reflect sociopathic tendencies

other view that psychopathy should be separate disorder

what diagnosis must you have for a diagnosis of ASPD

must have Childhood Conduct Disorder

• aggression to people and animals

• destruction of property

• deceitfulness or theft

  • serious violation of ruels

general symptoms for ASPD

• failure to conform to social norms (laws)

• deceitfulness

• impulsiveness

• irritability/aggressiveness

• reckless disregard for safety

• irresponsibility

• lack of remorse

FFM for ASPD

low agreeableness

low conscientiousness

pathological traits for ASPD

antagonism: manipulativeness, callousness, deceitfulness, hostility

disinhibition: risk talking, impuslivity, irresponsibility

heredity for ASPD

common among first-degree relatives

• seems to be a mix of genes and environment

comorbidity with psychiatric disorders with ASPD

substance use disorder and somatic symptom disorder

comorbidity with personality disorders

narcissistic PD

ASPD is incredibly ____

heterogeneous - looks different for everyone

hysteria def as described in plato/hippocrates era

symptoms attributed to a ‘wandering’ or ‘wicked womb’

hysteria def in middle ages

demonic possession, manifesting as convulsions and ‘suffocations of the matrix’

expressions of sexual pleasure, therefore sinful

hysteria post renaissance def

q’s about whether hysteria was gynecological and neurological

Histrionic PD in DSM 5

pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning in early adulthood

histrionic general symptoms in DSM 5

uncomfortable when not center of attention

interactions with others are inappropriately sexual / seductive / provocative

rapid shifting / shallow expression of emotions

use physical appearance to draw attention

style of speech that is excessively impressionistic

suggestible (easily influenced by others)

considers relationships more intimate than actually are

FFM for histrionic

high extraversion

pathological traits for histrionic pd

antagonism: attention seeking, manipulativeness, grandiosity

disinhibition: impulsivity

negative affectivity: emotional lability, separation insecurity

prevalence of histrionic

1.84%, more frequent in women

what is histrionic comorbid with

somatic symptom disorder, conversion disorder, MDD,

borderline, narcissistic, antisocial, dependent PDs

histrionic compared to ASPD

both are impulsive, superficial, excitement seeking, reckless, seductive, manipulative

emotions more exaggerated in HPD

HPD less engaged in over antisocial behaviors

• manipulation of others more to gain nurturance rather than profit / power

which disorder is not in the DSM, antisocial or histrionic

histrionic

why is histrionic PD dropped from AMPD

sex-biased diagnosis

fails to carve out a unique syndrome

loss of influence of psychoanalytic thinking in psychiatry

better described as traits coinciding with other PDs

Antisocial, histrionic, and narcissistic PDs all have what pathological trait in common

antagonism - attention seeking, grandiosity, manipulativeness

antisocial and histrionic have what pathological trait in common

disinhibition - impulsivity mainly

Antisocial personalities in AMPD

AMPD focuses on lawful and ethical misbehavior

emphasizes personality traits associated on the disorder rather than just antisocial behaviors

criterion A: self-functioning: identity ASPD

egocentrism

self-esteem derived from personal gain, power, or pleasure

criterion A: self-functioning: self-direction ASPD

goal setting based on personal gratification

absence of prosocial internal standards, associated with failure to conform to lawful or culturally normative ethical behavior

criterion A: interpersonal-functioning: empathy ASPD

lack of concern for feelings, needs, or suffering of others

lack of remorse after hurting or mistreating another

criterion A: interpersonal-functioning: intimacy ASPD

incapacity for mutually intimate relationships, as exploitation is a primary means of relating to others, including by deceit and coercion

use of dominance or intimidation to control others

relationship of ASPD and psychopathy in AMPD

AMPD allows psychopathy to be added as a subtype of antisocial PD

• must also have traits of low anxiousness, low withdrawal, and high attention seeking

sadism def

tendency to derive pleasure from inflicting pain, suffering or humiliation on others

narcissism and antisociality

malignant narcissism

narcissistic PD with antisocial features, paranoid traits, and ego egosyntonic aggression

Kernberg (dude who introduced this concept) described it as a type of narcissism as psychopathy