Rest of reproductive notes and next chapter notes

Bulb of the penis connects what?

Corpus spongiosum to rest of penis

What connects the penis to the pelvis?

Crus of the penis (attached part of corpus cavernosum)

What is the term used for the ball sac?

Corpus spongiosum

What doe the corpus spongiosum (ball sac area) have inside it?

Bulbourethral glands

What is the opening of the penis?

External urethral orifice

What connects the external urethral orifice (opening of penis) and the bulbourethral gland within deep pouch?

Urethra

What is the muscle around the ball sac?

Bulbospongiosus

What is the muscle that surrounds the crus of the penis?

Ischiocavernosus

Integumentary system is referencing what?

Skin and accessory structures (glands, nails, hairs)

What is the largest organ system of the body (16% of body weight)?

integumentary system

What is the outer and inner layer of the skin (Cutaneous layer)?

Epidermis (4-5 layers, outer) and dermis (two layers, inner)

What is not part of the integumentary system?

Hypodermis. Below dermis, consist of blood vessels, areolar tissue, and adipocytes.

What are the structures of the Epidermis?

Deepest to superficial;

1. Stratum germinativum

2. Stratum spinosum

3. Stratum granulosum

4. Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)

5. Stratum corneum

What does the stratum germinativum consist of?

melanocytes, keratinocytes, and tactile cells

What does Stratum Germinativum form?

epidermal ridges and fingerprints (create with dermal papillae)

What to remember about Stratum spinosum?

The spiny layer, eight to ten layers.

What are the eight-ten layers of Stratum Spinosum bounded by?

desmosomes

What is the Stratum Granulosum called?

grainy layer

What does the Stratum Granulosum consist of?

cells that produce a protein called keratin

What is stratum lucidum called?

the clear skin

where is the stratum lucidum found?

in thick skin

What does the stratum lucidum do?

covers stratum granulosum and deep to stratum corneum

What is the stratum corneum called?

horn layer

What does the stratum corneum consist of?

dehydrated squamous cells, used for protection.

The dermis consist of two layers, what are they?

Papillary layer (superficial layer) and Reticular layer (deeper layer)

Where is the Dermis located between?

epidermis and subcutaneous

What are the main components of the Papillary layer?

sebaceous glands and arrector pili muscles

What does the sebaceous glands do in the papillary layer?

lubricate the epidermis

What do Arrector pili muscles do in Papillary layers?

Attach to hair follicles, create goose bumps upon contraction, contraction generates heat.

Where is the reticular layer located?

Deep to papillary layer

The reticular layer consist of?

Two types of sweat glands: Apocrine and Meocrine

What do Ceruminous glands do and where are they located?

Produce Cerumen (ear wax) and located in external acoustic canal.

What do Sebaceous glands do?

produce sebum (causes acne)

Where are Sebaceous glands located?

Papillary layer of dermis, located everywhere except palms and soles.

Where are Apocrine sweat glands and Merocrine sweat glands located?

reticular layer of dermis

What do Apocrine sweat glands do?

Secrete products into hair follicles, produce oily and smelly sweat, produce pheromones (sexual attraction)

What does Merocrine Sweat Glands do?

Secrete products directly to skin surface, product sweat (watery) for cooling purpose

What are Cleavage lines in the Dermis?

Collagen fibers (bundled) in the dermis. They are patterns of wrinkles and creases on the skin following collagen fibers.

What do nails do?

Protect fingers and toes- continuous growth of the epidermis

What is the Lunula of the Nails?

pale crescents at the base of the nail

Sides of nails lay how?

lateral nail grooves

What is Hyponychium?

Skin beneath the distal free edge of the nail

What is Eponychium (cuticle)?

Visible nail emerges from here

What is the Vulva?

Term used to encompass all the external genitalia in women

What is 1?

Labia majora

What is 2?

Labia minora

What is 3?

Clitoris

What is 4?

urethral opening

What is 5?

Vagina (hymen)

What is 6?

Mons pubis

What is the cavity between the labia minora?

Vestibule

What is 1 pointing at?

Uterus

What is 2 pointing at?

fundus of the uterus

What is 3a pointing at?

endometrial (uterus lining)

What is 3b?

Myometrium

What is 3c?

Perimetrium

What is 4?

Cervix

What is 5?

External os?

What is 6?

Uterine tube

What is 7?

Fimbriae

What is 8?

Ovary

What is 1?

External os of the uterus

What is 2?

Cervix

What is 3?

Vagina

What is the process of fertilization of an egg?

1. Ovulation: ovary ovulates an egg

2. fimbriae will draw the ovulated egg into the uterine tube

3. sperm cells are deposited at the entrance of the external os

   1. sperm enters uterus, then the uterine tube then 2/3 way down the uterine tubes

4. ovulated egg is fertilized by sperm

Implantation of the Zygote?

Zygotes (fertilized egg) travels through the uterine tube, reaches the cavity of the uterus, implants in the endometrial lining and then the placenta forms.

What is 1?

Mesomerism: largest portion extends from apical end of the uterus to inferior end of ovary

What is 2?

Mesovarium: portion that covers the ovary

What is 3?

mesosalpinx: superior aspect of the ovary to the uterine tube and covers it

What is 1?

uterosacral ligament: attaches the uterus to the anterior face of the sacrum

What is 2?

Round ligament: inferior to the uterine tube and connects to the labia majora and mons pubis area

What is 1?

Suspensory ligament: connects ovary to the pelvic wall

What is 2?

Ovarian ligament: connects medial portion of the ovary to the uterus

What does the cardinal ligament do?

Attaches lower portion of uterus to ischial spines of os coxa