UNIT ONE STUDY GUIDE Explanations.docx

What was the key outcome of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling of 1954?

Separate facilities are inherently unequal

Define African Slavery in the context of the Americas.

African slavery involved the forced labor of African men and women brought to the Americas.

What contributed to the decline of indentured servants in the Chesapeake region?

Events like Bacon's Rebellion contributed to the decline of indentured servants and a significant increase in African slavery.

Who was Anne Hutchinson and what did she challenge?

Anne Hutchinson was a charismatic woman who challenged the Puritan authority by claiming that many ministers were not among the elect.

What was the significance of Bacon's Rebellion in relation to labor in colonial Virginia?

Bacon's Rebellion led to the decline of indentured servants and a major increase in African slavery.

Describe the Puritan belief in predestination.

Puritans believed that God had already 'elected' some for salvation and condemned others to damnation.

What was the Columbian Exchange and its immediate effects?

A vast network of trade and interaction that developed among Europe, Africa, and the Americas, leading to a capitalist economy and the population decline of indigenous peoples in the Americas.

What was the significance of the Mayflower Compact?

The Mayflower Compact established a civil government for the Pilgrims' new settlement and proclaimed their continued allegiance to the English king.

Who was John Winthrop and what vision did he have for Massachusetts Bay Colony?

John Winthrop was a Puritan leader who envisioned the colony as a 'city upon a hill,' a model for the world.

What characterized the relationship between English settlers and Native Americans in the early colonies?

Characterized by both accommodation and frequent conflict, with settlers often viewing Native Americans as 'savages'.

What was the role of the Virginia Company in the establishment of Jamestown?

The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company that funded the establishment of Jamestown as a means of generating profits.

What was the headright system and how did it affect labor in Virginia?

A system of land grants that incentivized the importation of laborers, leading to increased use of indentured servants.

Who was Roger Williams and what did he advocate for?

Roger Williams was a Puritan minister who advocated for the separation of church and state and founded Rhode Island for its religious toleration.

Define mercantilism and its effect on colonial trade.

An economic theory asserting that colonies exist to benefit the mother country, leading to strict trade regulations.

What were the main beliefs of the Quakers?

Beliefs included the Inner Light, gender equality in worship, pacifism, and rejection of social hierarchies.

What impact did European diseases have on indigenous populations in the Americas?

European diseases caused a massive population decline among indigenous peoples, with millions dying due to lack of immunity.

What was the Great Awakening and its significance?

A religious revival movement in the 1730s and 1740s that led to increased church membership and the emergence of new Christian branches.

What was the purpose of Georgia's founding by James Oglethorpe?

To serve as a military buffer against Spanish Florida and a philanthropic refuge for England's impoverished.

Explain the outcome of the Salem Witch Trials.

The trials resulted in the execution and imprisonment of many accused of witchcraft, reflecting societal tensions in Puritan New England.

What triggered the establishment of the Dominion of New England?

It was an attempt by King James II to consolidate control over the New England colonies by creating a single administrative unit.

Who was Henry Hudson and what did he accomplish?

Henry Hudson was an English explorer for the Dutch who navigated the river later named after him, leading to Dutch claims in New York.

What were the characteristics of New England family structures?

Families were more stable, with lower mortality rates and often included multiple generations.