WGU D075 Information Technology Management Essentials Diagram | Quizlet

Adware

Programs that automatically display or download advertising to a computer.

Application Software

Software that is designed for the user to carry out a specific task.

Best Practice

A management process, technique, or method that is most effective at arriving at a desired outcome or a better outcome than any other process, technique, or method.

Big Data

Data that is collected from all over the internet, including smartphone metadata, internet usage records, social media activity, computer usage records, and countless other data sources.

Bus Topology

A network topology sometimes called a linear bus, where each of a network's nodes is connected to a common linear backbone that has two endpoints.

Business Analytics

Attempts to make connections between data so organizations can try to predict future trends that may give them a competitive advantage.

Business Intelligence (BI)

Strategies and technologies used by enterprises for the data analysis of business information.

Cache

A hardware or software component that stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster.

Campus Area Network (CAN)

A computer network that connects two or more LANs that are located on a campus.

Chief Information Officer (CIO)

A job title for the board-level head of an information technology department within a business organization. The CIO's job is to make sure IT assets are in place to ensure a smooth transition.

Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)

The CISO is generally focused on the security of an organization's data and information, making sure it is backed up, deciding who gets to see it and who does not, and so on.

Chief Security Officer (CSO)

A CSO is in charge of such things as the physical security and safety of employees, facilities, and corporate assets and may have a law enforcement background.

Chief Technology Officers (CTO)

The CTO runs the organization's IT engineering group and serves as the company's top technology architect.

Click Fraud

An internet fraud scheme that automatically passes a user to an advertiser, whether they had any intention of visiting or not, in order to collect a per-click fee.

Clients

An end user's computer in a computer network.

Computer Network

Two or more computers connected together to communicate and share resources.

Cybersecurity

The convergence of technologies, sound practice, and processes designed to protect networks and their devices, programs, and data from attack or unauthorized access.

Data Analysis

The application of statistics and logic techniques to define, illustrate, and evaluate data.

Data Management (DM)

The practices, architectural techniques, and tools for achieving consistent access to and delivery of data across the spectrum of data subject areas and data structure types in the enterprise.

Data Management Processes

The process of acquiring data, making sure the data are valid, and then storing and processing the data into usable information for a business.

Data Mapping

Extra notes about the definition of a field, its data, and its use.

Data Mining

The examination of huge sets of data to find patterns and connections and identify outliers and hidden relationships.

Database Administrators (DBAs)

DBAs categorize data requirements and create the database entities and models that ensure accurate and smooth-flowing information throughout a business.

Database Management System Software (DBMS)

An application software that is used to create a collection of related files that consist of records of data separated by fields that can be queried to produce populations of information.

Databases

Well-thought-out collections of computer files, the most important of which are called tables.

Default-allow Firewall Rule

A rule that all traffic is allowed unless it has been specifically blocked.

Default-deny Firewall Rule

The only network connections that are permitted are the ones that have been explicitly allowed.

Denial-of-service

An attempt to make a computer or any of its resources unavailable to its intended users.

Disk Storage

Nonvolatile, secondary storage on a physical device like a hard drive or optical disk with a read/write apparatus.

Ethernet Card

Provides the computer with a unique 48-bit address called a MAC (media access control) address. No two Ethernet cards have the same address.

Extract, Transform, and Load

Tools that are used to standardize data across systems and allow the data to be queried.

File Allocation Table (FAT)

A table of contents that directs the read/write arm of the hard drive to the location where data exist and accesses the data upon the user's request.

Firewall

Specialized hardware and software that ensures that only authorized personnel can access and use an organization's intranet.

Foreign Key

A field in a database table that provides a link between two tables in a relational database.

Gantt Chart

A type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The visual system of computer screen designs that allow a user to interact with an electronic device.

Hardware

The physical part of the computer.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

The major markup language used to create web pages.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Protocol used to define how messages are formatted and transmitted on the internet.

IT Managers

IT managers are in charge of software application development teams that develop, design, program, and test software applications.

Identity Theft

A crime concerning the unlawful practice of assuming another individual's identity.

Information Security Analysts (ISA)

ISAs are responsible for protecting all sensitive information within an organization.

Information Technology

The study, design, development, implementation, support, and management of computer-based information systems, particularly software and hardware.

Infrastructure

The underlying foundation or basic framework for an organization or project.

Internet Fraud

Refers to any fraudulent activity in an online setting. Internet fraud can occur through email systems, message boards, chat rooms, or websites.

Intranet

A private network that works the same way as the internet but is confined within an organization.

Keylogging

When a perpetrator logs on to a computer workstation and installs a program that simply records every keystroke made at the workstation's keyboard.

Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)

Collaborative systems that organize, create, and distribute an organization's collective knowledge to its employees, which is called knowledge transfer.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A computer network that is relatively small, typically in a single building, but sometimes as small as a single room.

MAC (Media Access Control)

A MAC is responsible for the transmission of data packets to and from the network interface card, and to and from another remotely shared channel.

Mainframe Computers

Massive, room-sized computers that process and store enormous amounts of bulk data and information.

Malware

Programs specifically intended to penetrate or damage a computer system without the end user's knowledge.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A computer network that connects two or more LANs or CANs together within the boundaries of a town or city.

Microcomputers

The least powerful computers in terms of processing and come in four typical configurations: desktop, laptop, tablet, and handheld.

Midrange Computers

Less powerful and smaller in physical size than mainframe computers, they do many of the same things but on a smaller scale.

Network Administrator

The person(s) responsible for smooth network operations, network performance, and implementation of new nodes or even new networks.

Network Hub

A central location of the computer network that serves as a traffic cop for network connection and communication.

Network Interface Controller

A card that is plugged into a slot on the motherboard inside of the computer and allows a network cable to be plugged in so it can interface or communicate with other computers.

Network Operating System (NOS)

Software that controls an entire network.

Network Operating Systems (NOS)

A computer operating system that connects computers together within a local area network.

Network Protocol

A set of rules a network must follow.

Node

Any device that is connected as part of a computer network, including computers, hubs, printers, and switches.

Object Linking and Embedding

A Microsoft technology that allows a user to share information and data from an entire area in one application in part of another application.

Operating System

A collection of computer programs that work together to manage hardware and software to ensure that they are working properly.

Optical Disk

A computer disk that uses optical storage techniques and technology to read and write data.

Peer-to-peer Networks (P2P)

Computer networks that connect computers directly to one another without the use of a server.

Phishing

A criminal activity that involves using social engineering techniques and attempts to deceptively gain private information, like usernames, PIN numbers, passwords, and credit card details by masquerading as a legitimate business organization, typically in a legitimate-looking email.

Point of Failure

A part of a system that, if it fails, will stop the entire system from working.

Presentation Software

An application software used to present information in a slideshow format.

Primary Key

A field in a database table that uniquely identifies a record in the table.

Process

Any task a computer performs.

Protocol

A standard language that devices connected to a network use to communicate and transfer data.

Random Access Memory

A type of memory that allows data to be accessed in any order without physical movement of the silicone media.

Registers

A location in a store of data used for a specific purpose and with quick access time.

Ring Topology

The ring shape created by network nodes where each node is connected to two other nodes with the first and last nodes being connected to each other.

Schema

The organization or layout of a database that defines the tables, fields, keys, and integrity of the database. It is the reference or blueprint of the database.

Semi-structured Data

Data that can be converted into structured data with a lot of work.

Servers

A central computer in a computer network.

Software

A collection of computer programs that accomplish a specific task.

Software Suite

A collection of business computer application programs of associated functionality that share a common graphical user interace and have the capacity to smoothly exchange data across the programs.

Solid-state Drive (SSD)

A solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies as memory to store data persistently, typically using flash memory.

Spam

The abuse of an email system to arbitrarily send millions of unsolicited bulk messages.

Spyware

A computer program that is installed covertly on a computer to capture or take control of the system without the user's knowledge or consent.

Star Topology

The star shape created by network nodes that radiate around a central node in a spoke-like fashion.

Structured Data

Resides in a fixed format. It is typically well labeled and often with traditional fields and records of common data tables.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

The most widely used standard computer language for relational databases, as it allows a programmer to manipulate and query data. One of the most common uses of SQL is to query tables.

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

SDLC is a process for creating and altering computer applications through a step-by-step approach that includes planning, system analysis, design, implementation, and system maintenance.

System Software

Software that runs in the background and requires very little or no user intervention.

Tables

Holds the data for a database. Consists of records and fields that can be queried.

Topology

The mapping of a physical network and logical interconnections between nodes.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

A set of protocols used to connect a network to the internet.

Trojan Horse

A program that often seems harmless and possibly interesting at first until it is executed. When the program is executed, it may release one or many harmful viruses, worms, or any other sort of malicious programs into a computer or networked system.

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

A set of graphical notation techniques to create computer models and applications.

Unstructured Data

Unorganized data that cannot be easily read or processed by a computer because it is not stored in rows and columns like traditional data tables.

Validity Checks

The process of ensuring that a concept or construct is acceptable in the context of the process or system that it is to be used in.

Virtual Memory

Memory that appears to exist as main storage although most of it is supported by data held in secondary storage, transfer between the two being made automatically as required.

Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Computer networks that encompass a wide geographical area and connect LANs, CANs, and MANs together.

Word Processor

An application software used to create, compose, edit, format, and print documents.

File, memory, and process management

An operating system (OS), often called a platform, is a collection of computer programs that work together to manage hardware and software to ensure that they are working properly. The platform is the groundwork for all system software and performs jobs like allocating memory, administering input and output, and managing files.

What are the three major functions of a computer operating system?

Routers forward information throughout a network, switches filter the information to the correct part of a network, and hubs are a common point of connection on a network. A server houses information in a central location, and clients access that information through a connection to the server.

What is the difference between a router, a switch, a hub, and a server?