Chapter 3: Molecules of Life

Carbon has the a____ to b____ with f____ o____ a____ because it has f____ v____ e____.
This is the b____ of b____ l____ and d____ o____ c____.
O____ c____ consist primarily of c____ and h____ a____.

ability, bond, four other atoms, four valence electrons.
basis, building large, diverse organic compounds.
Organic compounds carbon, hydrogen atoms.

C___ c____ form the b____ of m____ o____ m____.
By s____ e____, carbon can b____ to f____ o____ a____.

Carbon chains, backbone, most organic molecules.
sharing electrons, bond, four other atoms.

Hydrocarbons are c____ that are c____ of c____ and h____ o____.

compounds, composed, carbon, hydrogen only.

Compounds that only consist of hydrogen and carbon are called …?

hydrocarbons

The p____ of an organic compound depends on the:

1. s____ and s____ of its c____ b____

2. the a____ a____ to that s____; and

3. the f____ g____ a____ to the c____ b____ (if any)

properties

1. size, shape, carbon backbone

2. atoms attached, skeleton

3. functional groups attached, carbon backbone

Functional Groups

1. H____

2. C____

3. C____

4. A____

5. P____

6. M____

1. Hydroxyl

2. Carbonyl

3. Carboxyl

4. Amino

5. Phosphate

6. Methyl

Compounds that fall under the hydroxyl group have…

a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom

Compounds that fall under the carbonyl group have…

a carbon atom linked to an oxygen atom by a double bond

Compounds that fall under the carboxyl group have…

a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and a hydroxyl group

Compounds that fall under the amino group have…

a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and a carbon skeleton

Compounds that fall under the phosphate group have…

a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

Compounds that fall under the methyl group have…

a carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms