Introduction to Anatomy and Athletic Training Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards generated directly from the student's lecture transcript covering anatomy, tissue injury and healing, environmental conditions, and athletic training as a profession.

Anatomic Position

An erect stance facing forward with arms at the side and palms facing forward.

Anatomic Planes

The body planes comprising the sagittal, horizontal, and frontal planes.

Anterior

Refers to the front of the body.

Posterior

Refers to the back of the body.

Medial

Refers to direction toward the middle of the body.

Lateral

Refers to direction toward the outside of the body.

Axial Skeleton

The skeleton division comprising the spine, thorax, and skull.

Appendicular Skeleton

The skeleton division comprising the appendages or limbs.

Tendons

Structures that connect muscles to bone.

Ligaments

Passive stability structures that connect bone to bone.

Diarthrodial Joints

Freely movable synovial joints possessing a joint capsule, synovial membrane, and articular cartilage, such as hinge joints and multi-axial joints.

Synarthrodial Joints

Immovable fibrous joints, such as the joint between the tibia and fibula in the lower leg.

Amphiarthrodial Joints

Joints with cartilage connecting two bones together, such as cartilage joining to the ribs.

Voluntary Muscle Tissue

Muscle tissue controlled intentionally by the person.

Involuntary Muscle Tissue

Muscle tissue found in the heart, intestines, and blood vessels.

Prime Movers (Agonist)

Muscles that primarily contract to cause a specific movement.

Antagonist

Muscles that act opposite to the prime movers.

Synergists

Muscles working together to cause the same movement.

Heat Cramps

Involuntary muscle contractions caused by dehydration and sodium loss from sweating.

Heat Exhaustion

A condition resulting from prolonged exposure to hot, humid conditions, characterized by fatigue, dizziness, pale and sweaty skin, and a rapid pulse.

Heat Syncope

A brief period of fainting or dizziness caused by high temperatures.

Heat Stroke

A life-threatening medical emergency where body core temp exceeds $105^\bullet\text{F}$, featuring dry red skin, rapid pulse, shallow breathing, and dilated pupils.

Exertional Hyponatremia

A medical emergency caused by dangerously low blood sodium levels from drinking excessive water, presenting with vomiting, disorientation, headache, and seizures.

Evaporation

The physiological process that cools the body.

Frostnip

Superficial freezing of tissue due to extended cold exposure, leading to pale, cold skin and loss of sensation.

Frostbite

Tissue damage caused by long-term cold exposure, resulting in numbness, prickling sensation, redness, swelling, and hardened tissue; treated by rewarming in $102^\bullet\text{F}$ water.

Epistaxis

The technical medical term for nose bleeds.

Acute Inflammatory Stage

Stage 1 of wound healing lasting $2\text{ days}$ post-injury, involving tissue death from lack of oxygen/nutrients and increased blood flow carrying leukocytes and platelets.

Leukocytes

Infection-fighting white blood cells delivered during the acute inflammatory healing stage.

Platelets

Blood clotting materials delivered to the site of injury during the acute inflammatory healing stage.

Proliferation Stage

Stage 2 of wound healing lasting $5\text{--}10\text{ days}$ for wounds (and $3\text{--}6\text{ months}$ for surgical injuries) where fibroblasts build fibers across the injury site to create a scar.

Fibroblasts

Fiber-building cells responsible for constructing fibers across an injury site to form a scar.

Remodeling Stage

Stage 3 of wound healing lasting $5\text{--}10\text{ days}$ for wounds, involving the building of tissue strength in response to applied stress.

Athletic Training

A credentialed healthcare profession dedicated to maintaining and improving the health and well-being of the physically active population and preventing injuries and illnesses.

BOC

Board of Certification; one of two key national organizations regulating and supporting athletic training practice in the United States.

NATA

National Athletic Trainers Association; one of two key national organizations regulating and supporting athletic training practice in the United States.

ATC

The credential carried by a certified athletic trainer.

AMA

American Medical Association; officially recognizes athletic trainers as professional health care providers.