exercises 1 & 2 vocab

axial

pertaining to the central part of the body, the head and trunk

cephalic

pertaining to the head

cranial

pertaining to the portion of the skull surrounding the brain

facial

pertaining to the face

frontal

pertaining to the forehead

orbital

pertaining to the eye

otic

pertaining to the ear

nasal

pertaining to the nose

buccal

pertaining to the cheek

oral

pertaining to the mouth

mental

pertaining to the chin

occipital

pertaining to the back of the head

cervical

pertaining to the neck

thoracic

pertaining to the chest

sternal

pertaining to the breast bone

pectoral

pertaining to the chest

mammary

pertaining to the breast

abdominal

pertaining to the abdomen

umbilical

pertaining to the navel (belly button)

coxal

pertaining to the hip

pelvic

pertaining to the pelvis

pubic

pertaining to the genital area

dorsal

pertaining to the back

scapular

pertaining to the shoulder blade region

vertebral

pertaining to the spinal column

lumbar

pertaining to the area of the back between the lowest rib and the buttocks

appendicular

pertaining to the extremities or limbs

acromial

pertaining to the highest point of the shoulder

axillary

pertaining to the armpit

brachial

pertaining to the arm

antecubital

pertaining to the anterior (front) surface of the elbow

olecranal

pertaining to the posterior (back) surface of the elbow

antebrachial

pertaining to the forearm

carpal

pertaining to the wrist

manual

pertaining to the hand

palmar

pertaining to the palm of the hand

digital

pertaining to the digits (fingers)

inguinal

pertaining to the groin where the thigh attaches to the pelvis

gluteal

pertaining to the buttocks

femoral

pertaining to the thigh

patellar

pertaining to the anterior (front) surface of the knee

popliteal

pertaining to the posterior (back) surface of the knee

crural

pertaining to the anterior (front) surface of the leg

fibular/peroneal

pertaining to the lateral side of the leg

sural

pertaining to the posterior (back) surface of the leg

tarsal

pertaining to the ankle

pedal

pertaining to the foot

plantar

pertaining to the sole of foot

calcaneal

pertaining to the heel

digital

pertaining to the digits (toes)

superior

above (head is ___ to the neck)

inferior

below (neck is ___ to head)

anterior/ventral

closer to front of body (the lips are ___ to the teeth)

posterior/dorsal

closer to back of body (teeth are ___ to the lips)

medial

closer to the midline of the body (the nose is ___ to the eyes)

lateral

farther from the midline of the body (the eyes are ___ to the nose)

intermediate

between two structures (the elbow is ___ between the shoulder and wrist)

ipsilateral

on same side of body (the right arm and right leg are ___)

contralateral

on opposite sides of the body (the right arm and left arm are ___)

proximal

closer to the structure origin/upper half (the elbow is ___ to the wrist)

distal

farther from the structure origin/lower half (the wrist is ___ to the elbow)

superficial

closer to surface of body (the skin is ___ to the muscles)

deep

farther from surface of body (the muscles are ___ to the skin)

midsagittal plane

EQUAL right and left halves

parasagittal plane

UNEQUAL right and left portions

frontal/coronal plane

front and back, passes vertically through the body or organs

transverse plane

top and bottom, passes horizontally through body or organs

oblique planes

pass through the body at an angle forming ___ sections

thoracic cavity

space enclosed by ribs, sternum, and vertebral column; contains the pericardial cavity along with two pleural cavities

pericardial cavity

contains the heart

pleural cavity

contains a lung

mediastinum

a central area within the thoracic cavity, extends from the neck to the diaphragm and from the sternum to the vertebral column

organs within the mediastinum

heart, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea, blood vessels, and bronchi

diaphragm

separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

consists of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

abdominal cavity

superior portion located between the diaphragm and the brim of the pelvis (hip bones)

organs within the abdominal cavity

stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, kidneys, appendix and part of the large intestine

peritoneal cavity

located within the abdominal cavity, which contains most abdominal organs

retroperitoneal

located posterior (behind) to the peritoneum

organs within the peritoneal cavity

pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, portions of the large intestines, small intestine, aorta and inferior vena cava

pelvic cavity

inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

organs within the pelvic cavity

part of the large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, female reproductive organs (ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina) and male reproductive organs (prostate and part of the ductus deferens)

serous membranes

composed of two layers (parietal and visceral); most organs in the ventral body cavity are covered with this

visceral layer

covers the organ

parietal layer

attaches to and covers the ventral body wall

serous fluid

clear, watery fluid that prevents friction as the organs move within the ventral body cavity (ex: heart has movement within the thoracic cavity as it fills with and ejects blood)

pleura

thoracic serous fluid, covers the lungs

pericardium

covers the heart

peritoneum

serous fluid that covers abdominal organs in the peritoneal cavity

abdominopelvic regions

tic-tac-toe grid

abdominopelvic quadrants

right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant and left lower quadrant