APUSH Unit 2 Federalist Era Terms

Cabinent

Advisors for the president, created by george washington consisting of thomas jefferson, secretary of state, henry knox, secretary of war, alexander hamilton, secretary of treasury.

Jefferson and Hamilton

did not get along, jefferson believed in weak government and hamilton believed in strong government, and each of them were trying to gain washington’s favor

Judiciary act of 1789

established the structure of federal judiciary, creating a system of district and circuit courts and setting the supreme court’s size and powers

Bill of rights

first 10 amendments to the constitution that protected citizen rights, written by james madison. Anti-federalist required this to be in the constitution for them to ratify it

strict interpretation

strictly interpret the constitution; government only has powers explicitly stated in the constitution; democratic-republicans until they lost power

loose interpretation

loosely interpret the constitution; government has powers not explicitly stated in the constitutional but implied. federalist until they lost power

reality of strict and loose constitution

party that was in power usually held a loose interpretation of the constitution to consolidate as much power as possible, why opposing part held a strict interpretation to limit the other party from gaining too much power.

Report on Public Credit

Hamilton’s proposal to centralize all state debt to the national level increased the value of bonds. the whole idea was to boost the credibility of the U.S. government

Report on Manufactures

Hamilton’s proposal and idea for the US to move towards a more manufacturing-based economy

Bank of the United States

Created as a part of hamilton’s economic vision, it would store revenue from bonds and tariffs.

Debate over constitutionaliy of bank

hamilton on the loose federalist side thought it was okay to create the bank, while jefferson on the strict side thought it wasn’t okay to create the bank. Hamilton won the debate because he was backed by george washington

supporters of the national bank

wealthy citizens

Proclamation of Neutrality

US declared neutrality, not allying with any country when europe erupted in conflicts

Abrogation of the french alliance treaty

Because the french helped the american during the revolutionary war, the french asked the US for assistance. the US didn’t want to get involved becuase they didn’t have a strong military and dind’t want to go against britain/another world power and risk losing their independence.

Jay’s treaty

Treaty between the US and britain under washington administration. This was the result of both sides not honoring the terms of the treaty of paris (the british didn’t pull out of the forts, the US was too broke to pay back the loyalists.) the trety satted that british would leave the western forts, allow the US trade with the west indies and the US agreed to pay pre-war debts owed to british.

jefferson’s reaction to the treaty of jay

Jefferson was angered because the US betrayed france

Pinckney’s treaty

Treaty with the spanisht hat defined southern border of the US territory

Right of Deposite

The right for US ships to offload cargo and material on spanish cities for transportation.

XYZ

talleyrand’s agents who demanded a quarter million bribe to see talleyrand, 10 million load to french war against british and a apology about his statement criticizing the french

talleyrand

French foreign minister that was spposed to be negotiating with john marshall, c.c. pinckney, and elbridge garrey

cause of XYZ Affair

conflict between US and France due to the proclamation of neutrality during the french war. naval conflict between the two nations intefered with american trade. the french seized cargo and kidnapped american sailors to weaken the british who traded wiht the americans.

effect of the XYZ affair

americans left france without negotiating, John adams acted with realpolitik and didn’t let congress start a war with a bigger nation. He instead strengthened the navy and started the Quasi-war

Quasi-War

a undeclared war between the us and france. the cause was XYZ affair adn french attacking US ships. Convention of 1800 ended the quasi war

Alien and Sedition acts

a series of acts passed under the adams administration to solidify federalist power

naturalization act

extended naturalization period for immigrants from 5 to 14 years. this was to prevent the french and irish immigrants who were anti-british to vote for the democratic republican party.

Alien Act

enabled the president to kick out people they thought were a threat to the US

Sedition Act

outlawed citizens to say or print anything that might be criticism of the government to suppress the criticism of the federalist party. it was unconstitutional becuase it violated freedom of speech

response to the alien and sedition acts

james madison and thomas jefferson wrote the kentucky and virginia resolutions

virginia resolution

argued for the rights of a state states (majority) , federal legislation could be nullified if the majority of states disagreed with it

Kentucky Resolution

written by thomas jeffersion, individual states can nullify federal legislation to protect natural rights of citizens.

battle of fallen timbers

conflict between native american tribes and americans over territory

Treaty of Greenville

Treaty between American and Native American tribes which states that all of southern ohio was the US

Whiskey rebellion

broke out in 1794 when pennsylvania farmers refused to pay whiskey tax. washington, the only time a president commanded a army, dispatched 13,000 militia men to supress the rebellion. this set the precedent that governments use power to enforce laws

Election of 1796

between federalists john adams and thomas pinckney and democratic-republicans thomas jefferson and aaron burr. 

Hamilton nomination

Although he was the leader of the federalist party, he was not nominated becuase of the scandel where he was accused of embezzling money from the bank of the US as hush money. His reputation was over

Electoral college system

Electors have 2 votes, individual with most votes is president and runner up is vice-president. One person would throw away second ballot to avoid a tie between 2 candidates

Hamilton’s scheme

Hamilton wanted pinckney to become president over adams becuase pinckney was easier to control, and have one person throw away adam’s ballot but his plan was revealed and rightous federalists threw away more votes for pinckney then necessary.

result of 1796 election

Adams (federalist) was president, Jefferson (democratic-republican) was vice president.