Memory and Brain Functions

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to brain functions and memory processes discussed in the lecture.

Engram

An Engram is the brain's physical record of a memory, thought to be specific changes in neuron connections that store information.

Equipotentiality hypothesis

This theory suggests that if one part of the brain involved in memory is damaged, another part can take over that memory function, meaning memory isn't tied to just one spot.

Amygdala

The Amygdala is a brain area that handles emotions like fear and aggression, and helps strengthen memories connected to strong feelings.

Hippocampus

The Hippocampus is a brain structure vital for forming new conscious memories (facts and events) and for remembering spatial layouts.

Memory consolidation

Memory consolidation is the process where new, short-term memories are converted into stable, long-term memories in the brain.

Declarative memory

Declarative memory, or explicit memory, is the conscious recall of facts, concepts, and events that you can verbally describe.

Semantic memory

Semantic memory is a type of declarative memory for general world knowledge, facts, and concepts, like knowing that birds fly.

Episodic memory

Episodic memory is a type of declarative memory involving personal experiences and events, including when and where they happened, like remembering your last birthday.

Procedural memory

Procedural memory is an unconscious memory for performing skills and tasks, like riding a bike, without having to consciously think about the steps.

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the brain that send signals between neurons, affecting memory, mood, and other brain functions.

Acetylcholine (in memory)

Acetylcholine ($ACh$) is a neurotransmitter important for attention, learning, and consolidating memories.

Dopamine (in memory)

Dopamine ($DA$) is a neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, and strengthening memories, especially those linked to emotions.

Serotonin (in memory)

Serotonin ($5-HT$) is a neurotransmitter that affects mood, sleep, and plays a role in regulating learning and memory processes.

Glutamate (in memory)

Glutamate is the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, crucial for strengthening connections between neurons (a process called $LTP$) which is key for learning and forming new memories.

Flashbulb memory

Flashbulb memory is a very clear and vivid memory of learning about an important or highly emotional event, like a major news event.

False memory

False memory is remembering an event that didn't actually happen, or remembering it differently than it occurred, often due to suggestions or misinformation.