ap world summer work ~ vocab

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Aristocracy

a form of government in which the nobility holds all the power

autonomy

the state of being self-governing or independent in decision-making.

bureaucracy

a form of government in which non-elected officials, organizations, and departments make decisions

Centralized/decentralized

systems of governance where power is concentrated in a central authority/distributed across multiple local units respectively.

Coerced

to compel or force someone to act against their will or to comply with demands.

Democracy

a system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives.

Demographic

related to the statistical characteristics of populations, such as age, race, or income.

Diaspora

the movement, migration, or scattering of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland, often referring to communities of a specific ethnic group.

Diety/divine

a supernatural being who is worshipped as having control over some part of the world or aspects of life, often associated with a particular religion.

Diverse/diversified

having a wide variety of elements or qualities, particularly in relation to culture, ethnicity, or ideas, often contributing to a pluralistic society.

Doctrine

a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a group, especially in religious, political, or legal contexts.

Egalitarian

characterized by the belief in human equality, promoting equal rights and opportunities for all individuals, often in a political or social context.

Empire

a large political unit or state that exerts control over a vast territory and diverse populations, often through conquest or colonization.

Think: The British ruined India

hierarchy

a form of ranking individuals or groups within a society or organization, often based on factors such as power, status, or authority.

homogenus

describing a society or group that is uniform in composition, culture, or characteristics, lacking diversity.

Ideology

a set of beliefs or principles that guide political, economic, or social policies and practices.

Indigenous

referring to the original inhabitants of a region, often characterized by unique cultural practices and historical ties to the land.

Imperial

pertaining to an empire or its authority, often involving domination or control over foreign territories.

Meritocracy

a system in which advancement is based on individual ability or achievement, often emphasizing talent and hard work over social class or wealth.

Monarchy

a form of government where a single person, the monarch, rules the state, often claiming a divine right to govern or inheriting the position.

Pagan

relating to religious beliefs or practices that are not part of the major world religions, often involving polytheism or nature worship.

Patriarchy/matriarchy

a social system in which either men or women hold primary power, controlling roles in political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and property.

polygamy

the practice of having more than one spouse at the same time, commonly found in certain cultures and religions.

secular

denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.

Sedentary

describing a lifestyle characterized by little to no movement, often associated with agriculture and permanent settlements.

Stratify

to arrange or classify

suffrage

the right to vote in political elections

Surplus

a big increase or gain in something, sometimes excessively

Syncretism

merging of different cultures or beliefs,

Animism

The belief that inanimate objects, and phenomena have souls and consciousness

Think: root anim meaning life, spirit

Buddhism

Caliphate