The Scientific Method and Experimental Design

A set of flashcards summarizing key concepts related to the Scientific Method, including hypotheses, experiments, and scientific theories.

Scientific Method

A systematic way of knowing and understanding the natural world through inquiry.

Observation

Recorded observations that can be qualitative or quantitative.

Hypothesis

A tentative answer to a well-framed question, based on data, that must be testable and falsifiable.

Inductive Reasoning

Reasoning that moves from specific observations to broader generalizations.

Deductive Reasoning

Reasoning that moves from general premises to specific predictions.

Independent Variable

The variable manipulated by the researcher in an experiment.

Dependent Variable

The variable measured in response to the independent variable.

Controlled Experiment

An experiment where one group is compared to a control group under the same conditions, except for the variable of interest.

Experimental Group

The group in an experiment that receives the treatment or intervention being tested.

Control Group

The group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment, used for comparison.

Scientific Theory

A well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world, supported by a large body of evidence.