US 1 Honors-Unit 5: 1920s to New Deal

Speakeasies

Secret bars where alcohol could be purchased illegally.

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished.

Flappers

Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion. They wore shorter dresses, masculine clothing, and had bob haircuts. They would drink in speakeasies as well.

Bootlegging

The making and selling of illegal alcohol.

Dust Bowl

Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930; lasting for a decade.

Bonus Army

WWI veterans who marched on Washington demanding their $1,000 bonus pay before the 1945 due date.

Great Depression(1929-1932)

This was a time when banks collapsed which caused unemployment.

Hoovervilles

Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress

Bank Holiday

All the banks were ordered to close until new laws could be passed.

Ohio Gang

A group of close friends and political supporters whom President Warren G. Harding appointed to his cabinet.

Quota Acts

Only a certain number of people from each country are allowed into the U.S. every year.

Neutrality Acts

Originally designed to avoid American involvement in World War II by preventing loans to those countries taking part in the conflict; they were later modified in 1939 to allow aid to Great Britain and other Allied nations.

Court Packing

Where FDR tried to add more members to the Supreme Court to pass his programs.

New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

Fireside Chats

Radio broadcasts made by FDR to the American people to explain his initiatives; this was done to make Roosevelt feel closer to the citizens.

Stock Market Speculation

Buying stocks for the sole purpose of reselling them once they increase in value. This led to a bubble in the prices of stocks. The bubble always bursts.

Social Security

In 1935, this guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

Unemployment

When people had no jobs/work during the Great Depression.

Langston Hughes

African American poet who described the rich culture of African American life using jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance.

20th Amendment(1933)

Altered the dates the president and vice president can serve for.

21st Amendment (1933)

Repeal of prohibition (18th Amendment)

Warren G. Harding(1921-1923)

29th president of the United States that was well known for the "Return to Normalcy" campaign(which wanted to go back to the beliefs before the Progressive Era).

Calvin Coolidge(1923-1929)

He was a president that didn't control the nation much.

Herbert Hoover(1929-1933)

He was well known for his weak plans to end the Great Depression which led to criticism.