ap euro unit 2 terms and dates

Huguenots

French Calvinists, persecuted by French government

Politiques

Political rules who prioritize the well-being of the state above all else (values tolerance and compromise)

Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre

1572
massacre of over 20,000 Huguenots by Catherine de Medicis and Charles IX of France

Edict of Nantes

1598
Signed by King Henry IV, granted Huguenots religious freedoms and ended conflict between Catholics and Calvinists

King Phillip II of Spain

wanted control of the Protestant Netherlands as a weapon against England, also to convert them to Catholicism

Pacification of Ghent

1576
treaty in which northern Protestant and southern Catholic provinces in the Netherlands united against Spain and declared internal religious sovereignty

William of Orange

William III of England (also ruled scotland and ireland) 1689-1702, he was an important Protestant figure who resisted Catholic centralization.

Duke of Alba

Sent by prince phillip to suppress the dutch revolt, leader of the council of blood. The Duke of Alba was hated by the dutch because of the sales taxes (tenth penny) he put in place to fund military occupation.

Spanish Fury

The destruction of cities by Spanish mercenaries, resulted in Southern Catholic and Northern Protestant provinces uniting against Spain.

Southern Provinces

Formed the Union of Arras and made peace with Spain

Northern Provinces

Formed the Union of Utrecht; the Union denounced King Phillip as their legitimate ruler in 1581 after he placed a bounty on William of Orange.

Mary I

Queen of England from 1553 to 1558. Married Phillip II of Spain which was a symbol of militant Catholocism; she reverted to Catholocism and prosecuted Protestant leaders

Elizabeth I

Marged the Episcopal system, Protestant doctrine, and Catholic ritual to create the Anglican Church.

Act of Supremacy

1559
repealed anti-protestant legislation and asserted Elizabeth as Supreme Governor of the Church of England. Forced people who took a Church of Public office to swear allegiance to the Monarch as the head of Church and State

Thirty-Nine Articles

1563
Made protestantism the official religion of the Church of England (Queen Elizabeth)

Thirty Years' War

1618-1648
conflict between Protestants and Catholics over religion in Germany
France, Denmark and Sweden vs. Holy Roman Empire and Spain
some sectional Lutheran/Calvinist conflict in Germany

Treaty of Westphalia

1648
ended hostility in H.R.E. and reasserted religious sovereignty of religions (ruler of a region determines its religion)

English Civil War

1642–1651
Cavaliers (Charles) vs. Roundheads (House of Commons)
conflict over the power of the king

Puritan Republic in England

1649-1660
Leader: Puritan Oliver Cromwell, abolition of monarchy
strict, hated rule due to atrocities against Irish Catholics

Louis XIV

1643-1715
French King, absolute monarchy and Palace of Versailles
repressed Protestantism (revoked Edict of Nantes)

Thomas Hobbes

absolute government control was necessary (humans were inherently evil)

John Locke

government exists to protect people's rights (humans are inherently good)
people can replace a corrupt leader

Galileo

originally allowed to publish work by Pope Urban, but then criticized papacy in the name of science
forced to renounce views