PLANT CLASSIFICATION AND SYSTEMATICS

Plant Taxonomy

the science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names different plants.

Taxonomy

Focuses on methods and principles of classification, including naming and describing plants.

Systematics

Broader field including taxonomy, evolutionary processes, and phylogeny studies.

Phylogeny

Heredity relationship between organisms

Taxonomists

Scientists specializing in classification and naming of species, emphasizing evolutionary relationship in naming conventions.

Plant identification, plant classification, plant description

Goals of plant systematic

John Hogg and Ernst Haeckel

propose the concept of protoctista

Whittaker

Introduces the 5-kingdom system

systema naturae

Carolus Linnaeus published his multi-volume? outlining his new and revolutionary method for classifying and, especially, naming living organisms.

Cladistics

refers to a biological classification system that involves the categorization of organisms based on shared traits

Plesiomorphy

Ancestral traits retained through evolution; can share these traits called “symplesiomorphies”

Apomorphology

defining specific clades

Autapomorphies

traits that are exhibited only by one species or group

Synapomorphies

refers to entire clades which can be classified by the presence of a particular trait

Homoplasy

shared traits among organisms that do not arise from a common ancestor, due to convergence or evolutionary reversal

autotrophic plants, and heterotrophic plants

based type of nutrition

mesophytes, xerophytes, hydrophytes, halophytes

based on water requirement

aquatic, terrestrial, aerial plants

based on habitat

trees, shrubs, herbs, vines

based on body appearance

annuals, biennials, perennials

based on life span

symplesiomorphies

two or more taxa can share plesiomorphies

Augustin Puramus de Condolle in 1813

He coined the Plant Taxonomy

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom

herarchy of biological classification