Chapter 6: Gut Instincts

aliment/o

the combining form for nourishment

or/o & stomat/o

combining form(s) for mouth

cheil/o & labi/o

combining form(s) for lips

bucc/o

combining form for cheek

palat/o

combining form for palate

rug/o

combining for for wrinkle or fold

gloss/o & lingu/o

combining form(s) for tongue

papillae

the elevations on the tongue

maxilla & mandible

bones that are the boundaries of the oral cavity

gnath/o

combining form for jaw

dent/o & odont/o

combining form(s) for teeth

decidu/o

the combining form for shedding or falling off

gingiv/o

combining form for gingiva

sialaden/o & sial/o

combining form(s) for salivary glands

pharyng/o

combining form for pharynx

esophag/o

combining form for esophagus

sphincter

a ringlike muscle that constricts an opening

abdomin/o & celi/o

combining form(s) for abdomen

lapar/o

combining form for abdomen & flank

peritoneum

the membrane lining that covers the abdominal & pelvic cavities & some of the organs in this area

gastr/o

the combining form for stomach

rugae

folds present in the mucosa of the stomach

enter/o

combining form for small intestine

duodenum

proximal or first portion of the small intestine

duoden/i & duoden/o

combining form(s) for duodenum

jejunum

middle portion of the small intestine

jejun/o

combining form for jejunum

ileum

distal or last portion of the small intestine

ile/o

combining form for ileum

cecum

pouch that food from the ileum enters

cec/o

combining form for cecum

colon

part of the large intestine that varies among species

col/o

combining form for colon

rectum

caudal portion of the large intestine

rect/o

combining form for rectum

anus

caudal opening of the gastrointestinal tract

an/o

combining form for anus

proct/o

combining form for the anus & rectum collectively

liver

located caudal to the diaphragm

hepat/o

combining form for liver

gallbladder

a sac embedded in the liver that stores bile for later use

chol/e

combining form for bile

cyst/o

combining form for sac

pancreas

an elongated gland located near the cranial portion of the duodenum

pancreat/o

combining form for pancreas

salivary glands

a group of cells located in the oral cavity that secrete a clear substance containing digestive enzymes

digestion

the process of breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can use

metabolism

the processes involved in the body’s use of nutrients

anabolism

the building of body cells & substances

catabolism

the breaking down of body cells & substances

absorption

the process of taking digested nutrients into the circulatory system

vill/i

combining form meaning tuft of hair

prehension

grasping of food, involves collecting food in the oral cavity

mastication

breaks food into smaller pieces & mixes the ingesta w/ saliva

deglutition

moves chewed ingesta into the pharynx & into the esophagus

peristalsis

a series of wavelike contractions of smooth muscle

-stalsis

suffix that comes from the Greek term meaning contraction, to gather, or to constrict

segmentation

involves the side-to-side mixing of ingesta

peritoneal or abdominal cavity

the abdomen can also be known as the…

cholecyst/o

combining form for gallbladder

adontia

absence of teeth

aerophagia

swallowing of air

anastomosis

surgical connection between two tubular or hollow structures

anorexia

lack or loss of appetite

ascites

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

ballottement

diagnostic technique of hitting or tapping the wall of a fluid-filled structure to bounce a solid structure against a wall

bloat

accumulation of gas in the digestive tract

borborygmus

gas movement in the gastrointestinal tract that produces a rumbling noise

colic

severe abdominal pain

colitis

inflammation of the colon

colonoscopy

endoscopic visual examination of the inner surface of the colon

constipation

condition of prolonged gastrointestinal transit time, making the stool hard, dry, and difficult to pass

coprophagia

ingestion of fecal material

dehydration

condition of excessive loss of body water or fluid

diarrhea

abnormal frequency and liquidity of fecal material

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing or eating

emaciation

marked wasting or excessive leanness

emesis

forcible expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth

enteritis

inflammation of the small intestine

flatulence

excessive gas formation in the gastrointestinal tract

gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

hematemesis

vomiting blood

hematochezia

passage of bloody stool

icterus

yellow discoloration of the skin & mucous membranes caused by elevated bilirubin levels

incontinence

inability to control

intussusception

telescoping of one part of the intestine into an adjacent part

melena

black, tarry stools containing digested blood

pica

eating & licking abnormal substances or a depraved appetite

polydipsia

excessive thirst or drinking

polyphagia

excessive eating or swallowing

regurgitation

return of swallowed food into the oral cavity

stenosis

narrowing of an opening

tenesmus

painful, ineffective defecation

torsion

axial twist; twist around the long axis of gut

volvulus

twisting on itself (end-to-end twist)

trichobezoar

hairball

gastric dilatation volvulus

condition usually seen in deep-chested canines in which the stomach fills w/ air, expands, & twists on itself