Materials and Recycling Quiz

Materials

substances out of which all things are made

How many unique materials exist?

120,000

Elements

any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

How are elements classified?

classified on individual props, grouped based on shared props

three element groups

metals, nonmetals, metalloids

physical properties

boiling, melting, freezing point

density

color

hardness

texture

mass

conductivities

volume & SA

chem properties

reaction to acid

reaction to oxygen (rusting)

flammability

toxicity

metal elements

good conductors of heat & elec, hard, shiny, reflect light, malleable, ductile (stretched w/o damage), electrons easily move

nonmetal elements

most are gasses at room temp, dull, brittle, powdery, poor heat & elec conductors, electrons restricted to one atom

metalloids elements

nonmetal/metallic properties

compounds

2 or more elements chemically combined

Can compounds be broken down?

Can be broken down by chemical but not physical means

Are element combinations random?

No, they're based on mass ratios (1g of H to 8g to O)

mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

material classification

metallic, ceramic, organic, polymeric, and composite

Metallic materials

metal element compounds, high thermal and electrical conductivity, malleable & ductile, strong

examples of metallic materials

copper, alunimum, steel, iron

ceramic materials

metal/nonmetals, good insulators, high strength at high temp, brittleness

examples of ceramics

clay, brick and tiles, china, porcelain

electric conductor vs insulator

conductor lets electrons flow through, insulator resists flow of electrons

thermal conductor vs insulator

thermal conductors easily transfer heat, insulators don't transfer

thermal applications for ceramics

creating thermistors (to regulate current), heating elements for furnaces, resistors, rectifiers (current in one direction)

organic materials

once living organisms, carbon & hydrogen, genetically alterable, renewable & sustainable

examples of organic materials

paper products, compost waste

polymeric materials

mostly organic elements, low density, flexibile & elasticity, plastics & elastomers

thermoplastic poylmers

formed into desired shape by heat and pressure, can be remolded

thermosetting polymers

formed into desired shape, can't be remolded

elastomer

natural/synthetic material, can be stretched 200% of length and can return back to og length

vulcanization

chem process to form storng bonds between adjacent polyers to make tough rubber

composite materials

made of 1+ material, obtains desirable properties from each material

layered composites

alternate layers of materials bonded tg

particulate composites

Discrete particles of one material surrounded by a matrix of another material

fiber-reinforced composites

Composed of continuous or discontinuous fibers embedded in a matrix of another material

material selection

product function, safety, environmental conditions, cost and material degradation, and certain properties

alternative materials

Being designed to solve socioeconomic problems.

Such as sustained economic development and depletion of natural resources (ex: biocompatible materials, fullerenes, liquid crystals, microelectronics)

What does this symbol mean?

identifies resin content

What does this symbol mean?

1st arrow = consumer purchases recycled material

2nd arrow = consumer gathers recycled material

3rd = recycled materials create new product

What does this symbol mean?

indicates product is made from recycled material

What does this symbol mean?

percentage of product made from recycled material

grass stuff recycling

compost → fertilizer, decomposing leaves → mulch

food scrap recycling

uneaten food → donated to shelters

food waste → compost

wood waste

pet bedding, mulch, flooring, windows, doors

paper

local facilities recycle paper and boxes

newspaper, more paper, boxes

steel recycling

cans, electric stoves, microwave ovens, bikes, automobiles

brass recycling

beds, musical instruments, radiators

copper recycling

expensive, often stolen

wires, cables, tubing, ACs

aluminum recycling

soda cans, wheels, windows, ladders, bumpers, baseball bats

iron recycling

decorative furniture, fencing, signs, electric motors, generators

PET applications

drink bottles, milk jugs, pens, trash cans

PETE applications

carpet, furniture, bumpers, fiberfill for jackets, sleeping blankets

HDPE applications

milk jugs, cleaner bottles, trash bags, shopping bags

PVC applications

medical tubing, siding, sewage pipes, playground equipment

LDPE applications

squeezable bottles, bread bags, trash cans

PP applications

lowest density, ketchup bottles, straws, signal lights

PS applications

egg cartons, styrofoam cups, insulation

recyclable ceramics

bricks, jet engine bozzles, drainage pipes, crucibles, ends of light bulbs

recyclabe composites

tires

What can old tires make?

artifical reefs, indoor playground, floor mats, track material, speed bump

codes

rules for recycling

stages of product development lifecycle

material extracting & processing

manufacturing of product

packacing, distribution to consumer

product use

end of life