arthistory w2 -5

EARLY CIVILIZATIONS,GREEKS AND ROMANS. why did they use art?

Cultural promotion, Communication, Entertainment, Decoration

story telling definition?

Socio-cultural activity of sharing stories. earliest form was storytelling. storytellers recorded and shared stories over wide regions of the world. Every culture has its own narratives. cultural, morals, education, entertainment.

Crucial elements of stories?

characters, narrative point of view, plot

Narrative point of view?

The narrator's position in relation to a storybeing told

whats the skill level of the greeks and romans?

basic anatomy, no perspective

middle ages. why did they use art

religious propaganda

skill level middle ages

basic anatomy, no perspective

RENAISSANCE. why did they use art?

religious-political propaganda

skill level renaissance?

refined anatomy, started using correct perspective

modern art skill level? (Lárt pour lárt)

new ways of visualising ideas (art on itself, no meaning behind it)

why did the baroque use art?

political propaganda

skill level baroque?

dynamic anatomy, good knowledge of perspective and composition

why did romanticism use art?

political propaganda

skill level romanticism?

dynamic anatomy, good knowledge of perspective and composition

realism skill level?

perfect anatomy, perfect perspective

contemporary art concept??

expression, concept, revolt and critique, message

what belongs under modern art?

contemporary art

transfer of ideas chronologically

cultural promotion, decoration, communication, entertainment THEN religious propaganda, THEN political propaganda, THEN Lárt pour lárt, THEN expression, concept, revolt and critique, message

allegory meaning?

Narrative, visual representation where a character,
place, or event can be interpreted to represent a (semi-)
hidden meaning, often with moral, spiritual or political
significance

symbol meaning?

Sign or word that is understood as representing an
idea, object, or relationship

personification meaning?

Embodiment or incarnation, representation of a certain idea as a
person

memento mori meaning? ( hidden meaning )

from latin: remember you have to die, artistic symbol of death

vanitas meaning? ( hidden meaning )

from latin: its pointless, reminds the
viewer of the shortness and fragility
of life

by whom was the vanitas symbol popular?

dutch baroque painters

who is this representing?

king ashurbanipal

king ashurbanipal paintings description?

depiction of warrior society ( weergave van krijgermaatschappij), Militairy successes, divine protection of the gods

neo-assyrian bas reliefs meanings?

propaganda/symbolic meaning, action movements, no perspective, attention to detail and anatomy

lamassu meanings? (protective spirit)

Royal protective gods at palace
entrances, symbol of power, hybrid creatures

to what empire did king Nebuchadnezzar II belong to?

neo-babylonian empire

king Nebuchadnezzar II description?

rich, succesful civilization, Flourishing of art, architecture,
urban development and sience, Monumental ziggurats for the gods

what is this called?

ishtar gate of babylon

description ishtar gate?

by order of king Nebuchadnezzar II, Wall reliefs with glazed bricks ( dragons, bulls, lions )

Ishtar or Inanna description

queen of heaven, love, fertility and war, Associated with sensuality, Lion as symbol of power

key materials of ishtar gate?

lapis lazui, silver, wood

yokai discription?

Shintoism → way of gods, Japan's indigenous religion, connection with ancient gods, animistic ( animals poseses a spiritual essence )

buddhism discription?

Taoism and Chinese folk religion, non-harming ethics

kami discription?

Worshipped in shrines or
sanctuaries preceded by torii, “they make the world work”,

yokai discription?

Class of supernatural entities and
spirits ranging from evil or
mischievous to kind

oni discription?

hulking figure with: horns, massive teeth, claw nails, iron spiked club, can change looks to trick victims, in deep mountains, super strenght

oni gawara

they bring good fortune and wealth, push away bad luck

gargoyles

same as oni gawara but then in roman and gothic culture

art & cultural appropriation meaning?

the use of pre existing images and making something new with that

ancient mediterranean meaning

mediterranean means bordering) , seas provided routes for food, trades, colonization and war, BEFORE THE GREEKS AND ROMANS

what is this?

knossos on creta → first city of europe

minoan culture discription

open trading community, monumental architecture, colourful motifs, no depth or perspective, stiff

what are these?

warrior vase, lion gate BOTH FROM MYCENAE CULTURE

mycenae culture description

warrior elite society, linear B script ( writing system ), setting for ancient greek literature and mythology

ancient egyptian culture description

Succesfull farming in Nile valley, collective construction projects, elobarate system of religious beliefs

what does this art all belong to?

greek art

archaic period description

less rigid stylization, archaic smile, more attention to human proportions

which is the best preserved greek temple?

second temple of hera

classical period description

increase in technical skills, natural poses, sculptures as building decorations

contrappsto meaning

human figure with weight on mostly one foot, subtle s curve, first time human body is used for phychological disposition

which temple is it? why does it belong to classical period?

temple of athena nike, sculptures used as decoration

hellenistic period description

diversification → influenced by other cultures, more technical development, natural, more emotion

which temple is this and why does it belong to the hellenistic period?

temple of zeus, highly decorated collumns

roman empire description

copying greek sculptures, horror vacui → every space is filled, clear and dynamic, realism in subject

which part of the craddle of european civilization is this?

political structures → kingdom, democracy, empire

which part of the craddle of european civilization is this?

science

which part of the craddle of european civilization is this?

philosophy

which part of the craddle of european civilization is this?

theatre

which part of the craddle of european civilization is this?

literature

which part of the craddle of european civilization is this?

architecture

which part of the craddle of european civilization is this?

visual arts

advanced technology and construction methods?

round arches, pillars as decoration, domes, concrete

key features of renaissance?

fame for nude female figure, contrapposto, painting of subject from classic mythology

renaissance description?

started in italy, rebirth of european culture, major changes in new technologies, discovery of new continents, cities in flanders, italy

what is this?

duomo of florence by Filippo Brunelleschi, start of italian renaissance → return to classic mediterranean dome and break in with gothic style, largest ever build in western europe at that time

what is this?

gates of paradise, named by michelangelo, decorated with events of old testaments, naturalistic

what is this?

david, first colossal marble statue made in early modern period, perfect anatomy ( bigger hands and head tho ), contrapossto, made before war, renaissance interpretation of greek heroic nude male

art destruction meaning?

accidental, natural, material deconstruction of a work of art

iconoclasm meaning?

social belief in the importance of a structure, image for religious or political reasons

palmyra description?

wealth from trade caravans, archeological site on the world heritage list, roman and hellenistic and other mediterranaen influences

what is this? (iconoclasm)

remains of temple after destruction ( temple of baal-sham )

acropolis of athens meaning

akron = highest point, polis = city

acropolis description?

most of important buildings were contructed during golden age of athens

parthenon descrioption?

build as thanks giving for victory during greco persian war, converted to christian church, mosque after ottoman conquest

elgin or parthenin marbles

transported to england for private museum, sold to british goverment later on, then later dispute between british and greek govements

order

1. ancient mediterrranean, 2.greeks and romans, 3. hellenistic period, 4.roman empire, 5. renaissance, 6. palmyra

orientalism meaning?

imitation or depiction of aspect of eastern world by artists, writters by western world, mostly academic artists who specialized in oriental subjects

keyterms orientalism?

imperialism, fantasy, cruelty, erotism, richness

who is this?

jean-leon gerome

jean leon gerome description?

academic painter and sculpter, he did historical paintings, greek myths, orientalism, portraits), most famous artist in his time,) grand tour of near east -> travel around europe to see cultural heritage of renaissance

by whom is this?

jean leon gerome

by whom is this?

jean leon gerome

by whom is this?

jean leon gerome

who is this?

david roberts

description david roberts

stage designer and painter ( oil painting on side ), full time fine artist, inspired by the holy land, syria, idumea, arabia, egypt, he did series of detailed lithograph prints of egypt and near east, these were produced from sketches during tours of the region

by whom is this?

david roberts

by whom is this?

david roberts

by whom is this?

david roberts

who is this?

piranesi

piranesi description?

archaeologist, architect and graphic artist, renewed interest in ancient culture signified by the grand tour, he has printing shop and workshop in rome, vedute di roma estabalished his fame, he makes techincal drawings

by whom is this?

piranesi

by whom is this?

piranesi

by whom is this?

piranesi

who is this?

escher

escher description?

graphic artist inspired by mathematical objects and operations, he was inspired by decorative designs in moorish architecture

why whom is this?

escher

by whom is this?

escher