Dr. Walton's Practice Questions - Midterm 1

Tissues once torn seldom return to their original elasticity or biomechanical function.

True

The body's response to torn tissue will never kill healthy tissue around the wound.

False

Swelling immobilizes the injury, but won't extend the injury.

False

Torn tissue will always heal with the same type of tissue and fully regain elasticity.

False

Over time, nociceptors and free nerve endings grow into the scar/healthy tissue junction.

True

Antalgic behaviors must be integrated into daily life to manage chronic pain and prevent hyper/hypomobility.

True

Antalgic avoidance behaviors eventually become repetitive strain injuries and require new compensations.

True

What law states that a nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles that move the joint and the skin over their insertions?

Hilton's Law

Arthrokinetic reflexes involve only facilitatory effects on motor unit activity.

False — they include both facilitation and inhibition

According to Dr. Walton, muscle testing is the best way to evaluate for antalgic behavior based on brief weakening patterns.

True

Arthrokinetic reflexogenic effects are exerted only on muscles operating over the affected joint.

False — they may affect remote muscles anywhere in the body

T4 Syndrome is associated with thoracic dysfunction affecting the sympathetic nervous system.

True

T4 Syndrome is the only referral pattern that presents with glove paresthesia of one or both upper extremities.

True

Eggplants, peppers, tomatoes, and potatoes are members of the Nightshade family.

True

Nightshades contain the alkaloid solanine, which may aggravate arthritis pain and inflammation.

True

A patient with an AA/EPA ratio of 10:1 or higher will show signs of global cellular inflammation.

True

How many bones are in the human foot?

26

Name the three bones of the ankle mortise ("Bicycle Wheel").

Tibia, Fibula, Talus

Name the two bones of the subtalar joint.

Talus, Calcaneus

Name the five bones of the midfoot.

Navicular, Cuboid, Three Cuneiforms

The Lisfranc joint complex connects the midfoot to the forefoot.

True

The foot is both rigid and flexible in different phases of gait (Windlass mechanism).

True

The talar dome glides anterior and posterior in plantarflexion/dorsiflexion around an axis through the malleoli.

True

In the shock-absorbing phase of gait, the rearfoot pronates and the forefoot supinates.

True

In the becoming-rigid phase of gait, the rearfoot supinates and the forefoot pronates.

True

Syndesmosis fibrosis from an old high ankle sprain will not affect gait.

False

Lateral foot pain can occur when functional hallux limitus prevents force transfer to the big toe.

True

Late effects of long-standing foot hypo/hypermobility and subluxation include plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, neuroma, stress fractures, bunions, tenosynovitis, myofascitis, and antalgic patterns.

true

The anterior drawer test challenges the integrity of which ligament?

Anterior talofibular ligament (ATF)

The talar tilt test challenges the integrity of which ligament?

Calcaneofibular ligament (CF)

Foot hypo/hypermobility and subluxation result in faulty afferent information to the brain.

True

Faulty afferentation increases the risk of repetitive strain injury and falling.

True

Accurate afferentation is required to adapt gait to walking on varied surfaces.

True

You should not adjust the foot if the lateral ligaments are torn and unstable.

False

In counter-intuitive flat foot, the navicular subluxes superior and lateral with forefoot supination.

True

Late effects of FHL in the foot include heel spurs, plantar fasciitis, Morton's neuroma, stress fractures, bunions, tarsal tunnel syndrome, and malpositioned calluses/corns.

True

Gait changes from FHL can cause repetitive strain injuries up the kinetic chain into the lumbopelvic region.

True

Principles of ChiRunning include reduced stress, increased efficiency and speed, using strong body parts for small jobs, letting gravity and center of mass generate motion, and running with relaxed ankles.

All of the above

Your step rate should remain constant at 85-90 gait cycles per minute, no matter the speed.

True

Your step rate should not change — stride length changes instead.

True

The principles of efficient running have no application to walking gait.

False

The first skill in learning ChiRunning is maintaining an unchanging rhythm of 85-90 cycles/min with ~4° forward lean from relaxed ankles.

True

When running efficiently, the center of mass should bounce at least 2 inches up and down per step.

False

What muscle group is considered the "Second Heart" of the body?

Soleus group

The soleus assists in both venous return and lymphatic pumping.

True

The thoracic duct drains lymph from what percentage of the body?

75%

The "Second Heart" muscles have no role in the immune response.

False

The lymphatic system assists in transporting hormones.

True

The lymphatic system collects ______ from the intestines and transports them into the bloodstream.

Fat (chylomicrons)

The thoracic duct drains lymph into the ______.

Left subclavian vein

Gait behavior has no impact on lymphatic flow and fluid clearance from tissues.

False

The talar dome is wider in the front than the back.

True

In dorsiflexion, the talus moves the fibula by widening the mortise, lifting superiorly, and medially rotating slightly.

True

High ankle sprain fibrosis blocks normal mortise motion, interosseous membrane stretch, and proximal fibula motion.

True

An old high ankle sprain can alter gait and cause RSI anywhere in the leg.

True

The interosseous membrane has two opposing fiber layers.

True

The interosseous membrane is a shock absorber and afferent nerve generator.

True

Adjusting the fibula joints alone will not restore function if the interosseous membrane is adhered.

True

The tibial joint surface for the proximal fibula lies under the lateral tibial plateau.

True