Ch 2 Adaptive Quiz

_____ have DNA complexes with histones, _____ have some histones, and _____ are not complexed with histones.

Eukaryotes; archaea; bacteria

A bacterial cell divides in a process called _____.

binary fission

In animal gametogenesis, which of these cells is diploid?

1. first polar body

2. second polar body

3. primary oocyte

4. spermatid

3

Which characteristic do eukaryotes have that prokaryotes do not normally have?

multiple chromosomes

In what stage of mitosis do chromosomes arrive at spindle poles and the nuclear membrane reforms?

telophase

A protein called _____ protects cohesin at the centromere and prevents the separation of chromatids during anaphase I of meiosis.

shugoshin

Bacteriophages, which are _____, have been used to study the control of gene expression, recombination, and molecular evolution.

viruses that infect bacteria

Successful cell reproduction requires:

DNA replication, copy separation, and cell division.

In plants, mitosis produces haploid cells during which phase of development?

gametophyte

Which of these is true?

1. Viruses are ancient, primitive organisms.

2. Viruses are a type of eukaryote.

3. Viruses are a type of prokaryote.

4. Viruses are a distinct evolutionary type of cell.

1

What would be the consequence of a chromosome losing both of its telomeres in an animal cell?

The chromosome ends would be degraded.

A species has a diploid chromosome number of 14. How many DNA molecules will be found at metaphase I of meiosis?

28

Histones are normally found in which of these?

archaea and eukaryotes

In flowering plants, the endosperm is

3n.

Which of these characteristics distinguishes eukaryotes from both archaea and eubacteria?

the presence of a nuclear membrane in eukaryotes

Ori is observing lactobacillus bacteria under a microscope. As he gazes through the lens, he notes that one of the rod-shaped cells has split in two. Ori has just observed

binary fission.

In flowering plants, which of these is true?

In flowering plants, which of these is true?

Microsporocytes undergo meiosis and produce four microspores.

Liam needs a microscope with high enough magnification to observe the bacteria cells he has cultured from sauerkraut. Which of these microscopes has just enough magnification to allow viewing of bacteria?

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) can achieve resolution greater than 1 nanometer.

Generally, prokaryotes have _____, and eukaryotes have _____.

a single circular chromosome; multiple linear chromosomes

Archaea are more similar to bacteria in _____, but more similar to eukaryotes in _____.

cell structure; genetic processes

A cell has eight chromosomes in G₁ of interphase. How many chromosomes will be found in anaphase of mitosis?

16

Assume that cohesin is not degraded before anaphase begins in mitosis. What might cause this abnormality?

The enzyme separase is not functional.

Assume that you find an animal species where crossing over during prophase I during male gametogenesis doesn't occur. Which of these statements about the four meiotic products will be correct?

Two of the products will be genetically identical but genetically different from the other two products, which will also be genetically identical.

A primary oocyte has 14 pairs of sister chromatids. How many DNA molecules will a secondary oocyte have undergoing anaphase II of meiosis?

14

What are the two processes of meiosis that result in genetic variation among the four product cells and the parent cell?

random separation of homologous chromosomes and crossing over

Crossing over takes place in which stage?

prophase I of meiosis

Venla has a light microscope. Once an object is in the range of 10 micrometers or less, the image becomes blurry. Therefore, Venla's light microscope can be used to observe which of these?

eukaryotic cells

A standard petri dish has a surface area of 314 millimeters squared, which is equivalent to 314,000 micrometers squared. What is the maximum number of prokaryotic cells that could fit on the petri dish and completely cover the surface? Use the range given for prokaryotic cell size.

4000–400,000 cells

Termites live in a mutualistic relationship with protozoa (unicellular eukaryotes) and methanogenic archaea, both of which live in the termite's digestive tract, allowing it to digest cellulose (wood). Freja smears a slide with cells from the termite's digestive tract. Most likely some of the cells will be from the termite itself, but if the cells were from either the protozoa or the methanogenic archaea, how would she be able to distinguish the two?

Each protozoa would have a nucleus, and each archaeal cell would lack a nucleus.

All of these are distinguishing factors of a eukaryotic cell EXCEPT

a relatively small amount of DNA.

Homologous chromosomes separate during _____ of meiosis.

anaphase I

Which of these relationships is true?

Shugoshin protects cohesin from being degraded by separase.

Prokaryotic cells tend to possess _____ chromosome(s) per cell, while eukaryotic cells have _____ chromosome(s) per cell.

one; multiple

Sister chromatids separate in which stage?

anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis

Yaakov is looking at onion root tip cells under a microscope. The cells have been dyed so that the chromosomes appear to be a darker purple on a lighter background. In the cell he is currently observing, he can see that the chromosomes are lined up at the center of the cell. What stage of mitosis is Yaakov observing?

metaphase

Jack is looking at a slide through a transmission electron microscope. He sees a cell lacking a nucleus and numerous smaller complex shaped viruses with icosahedral-shaped "heads" attacking the cell. What type of cell and viruses are present on the slide?

The viruses are bacteriophages, and the cell is prokaryotic.

What would be the consequence of a chromosome losing its centromere?

The chromosome would not be drawn into a newly formed nucleus and would be lost.

Ted is looking through a light microscope. He observes a number of rod-shaped masses, none of which have a large dark spot. The diameter of the cell is between 1 and 10 micrometers. What type of cell has Ted discovered?

prokaryotes

To what part of a chromosome do the kinetochore proteins attach?

centromere

In a flowering plant species the diploid or 2n chromosome number is 18. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in the endosperm of this species?

27