TOPIC 1: The Social Self

Flashcards covering vocabulary terms related to the social self, self-esteem, social comparison, and self-presentation.

Social comparison theory

When we are unsure of ourselves, we compare ourselves to others.

Self-schemas

Beliefs guiding how we process self-relevant information.

Independent Self

Defines self by personal traits and individuality (Western cultures).

Interdependent Self

Defines self by relationships and social roles (Non-western cultures).

Intrinsic Motivation

Doing something for enjoyment, interest, or challenge.

Extrinsic Motivation

Doing something for rewards, recognition, or avoiding punishment.

Overjustification effect

External rewards reduce intrinsic motivation.

Sociometer Theory

Self-esteem reflects need of social inclusion and acceptance.

Terror Management Theory

Self-esteem buffers against fear of death by giving life meaning.

Upward Comparison

Comparing to better people (decreases self-esteem but increases motivation).

Downward Comparison

Comparing to worse people (boosts self-esteem).

Self-Affirmation Theory

Focusing on important values can reduce negative effects of self-threats.

Better-than-average effect

People see themselves as better than others.

Self-Serving Beliefs

Taking credit for success but blaming failures on external factors.

Self-Compassion

Being kind to yourself instead of harshly judging failures.

Self-handicapping

Creating obstacles to explain failure without hurting self-esteem.

Basking in Reflected Glory

Associating with successful others to boost self-worth.

Contingencies of Self-worth

People base self-esteem on different factors:
- Family
- Appearence
- Success

Self-promotion

Emphasizing competence and achievements.

Ingratiation

Behaving in ways to be liked.

High Self-Monitors

Adjust behavior based on social demand.

Low Self-Monitors

Stay consistent across social situations; more authentic, less flexible.