Chemical Equations + Energy Test Prep

Catalyst

is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction itself.

Rate of reaction

in a chemical reaction its how quickly or slowly reactants turn into products

Factors affecting rate of reaction

temperature, concentration, collisions, surface area, catalyst

Collisions

more collisions means a higher reaction rate vice versa

concentration

refers to how much solute is dissolved in a solution. A greater concentration is a greater chance of collisions

High reaction rate

a reaction that occurs quickly has a high reaction rate

low reaction rate

a reaction that occurs slowly has a low reaction rate

Types of energy

Mechanical, nucleur, chemical, electrical, electromagnetic and thermal

2 main types of energy

potential energy and kinetic energy

mechanical energy

is the energy in motion

nucleur energy

the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity

chemical energy

the potential energy stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules, which is released or absorbed during a chemical reaction

electrical energy

the energy of moving charged particles

electromagnetic energy

a form of energy that travels in waves at the speed of light

thermal energy

the total internal energy of a substance, resulting from the random motion of its atoms and molecules

potential energy def

is energy that an object has because of its position or structure

kinetic energy def

an object that is moving has the ability to do work

mechanical examples

leaping frog, moving automobile

nucleur examples

nucleur fusion (sun and stars), nuclear fission (earths core)

chemical examples

foods, striking a match

electrical examples

power lines, lightning

electromagnetic examples

radio waves, infrared radiation

thermal examples

heating soup, melting ice cream

energy def

cannot be created nor destroyed only converted from one form of energy to another.

electrical to thermal

kettle, heater

chemical to thermal

gas stove to hand warmers

electrical to mechanical

fan, electrical blender

energy transformation

are processes that convert energy from one type into another

energy transfer

is the process by which energy is relocated from one system to another

gravitational potential energy

an object positioned above the ground

Power

is the rate that work is done, or how fast energy is used.

Force def

a push, pull or a twist

Work

is the energy transferred when a force causes an object to move a certain distance.

Energy

is the ability to do work

Power

is the rate at which work is done

Potential energy

is the stored energy

Kinetic energy

the energy in motion

efficiency

the useful energy to its total energy

chemical reaction

change that results in the formation of a new substance with different properties than the original substance.

law of conservation mass

mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; it is only rearranged

Collision theory

Chemical reactions occur when reactant particles collide with sufficient energy and the correct orientation

Indicators of a chemical change

-formation of gas

-temperature change

-formation of precipitate

-production of an odor

-emission of light

Synthesis

A+B→ AB

Decomposition

AB→ A+B

Single displacement

A+BC→ AC+B

Double Displacement

AB+CD→AD+CB