Sierra College RN Mental Health Drugs

Citalopram/Celexa

SSRI

Escitalopram/Lexapro

SSRI

Fluoxitine /Prozac

SSRI

Fluvoxamine / Luvox

SSRI

Paroxetine/Paxil

SSRI

Sertaline/Zoloft

SSRI

Venaflaxine/Effexor

SNRI

Desvenlafaxine/ Pristiq

SNRI

Duloxetine/Cymbalta

SNRI

Levomilnacipram/Fetzima

SNRI

Imipramine/Tofranil

TCA

Doxepin/Sinequan

TCA

Nortripyline/Pamelor

TCA

Amoxapine/Asedin

TCA

Trimipramine/Surmontil

TCA

Despipramine/Norpramin

TCA

Clomipramine/Anafranil

TCA

Isocarboxazid/Marplan

MAO

Tranylcypomine/Parnate

MAO

Selegine/Eldepryl

MAO

Lithium/ Lithobid

Mood Stabilizers

Valproate

Mood Stabilizers

Valproic Acid/ Depakene

Mood Stabilizers

Divalproex sodium/Depakote

Mood Stabilizers

Lamotrigine/ Lamictal

Mood Stabilizers

Oxcarbazepine/ Trileptal

Mood Stabilizers

Gabapentin/ Neurontin

Mood Stabilizers

Topiramate/ Topamax

Mood Stabilizers

Diazepam/ Valium

Benzodiazepine

Clonazepam/ Klonopin

Benzodiazepine

Alprazolam/ Xanax

Benzodiazepine

Lorazepam/ Ativan

Benzodiazepine

Chlordiazepoxide/ Librium

Benzodiazepine

Midazolam/ Versed

Benzodiazepine

Clozapine/ Clozaril

AP 2nd Gen

Risperidone/ Risperdal

AP 2nd Gen

Olanzapine/ Zyprexa

AP 2nd Gen

Quetiapine/ Seroquel

AP 2nd Gen

Ziprasidone/ Geodon

AP 2nd Gen

Iloperidone/ Fanapt

AP 2nd Gen

Lurasidone/ Latuda

AP 2nd Gen

Asenapine/ Saphris

AP 2nd Gen

Aripiprazole/Abilify

AP 3rd Gen

Haloperidol/ Haldol

AP 1st Gen

Fluphenazine/ Modecate

AP 1st Gen

Thiothixene/ Navane

AP 1st Gen

Perphenazine/ Triavil

AP 1st Gen

Trifluoperazine/ Stelazine

AP 1st Gen

Benzodiazepine action

Enhance the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the CNS. Relief from anxiety occurs rapidly following administration. Short-term use recommended due to potential dependence

Benzodiazepine Primary Uses

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and panic disorder

Benzodiazepine Other Uses

Trauma and stressor-related disorders (PTSD), seizure disorders, insomnia, muscle spasm, alcohol withdrawal (prevention and treatment), induction of anesthesia, amnesic prior to surgery or procedures.

Benzodiazepine Major Side Effects

CNS Depression: sedation, lightheadedness, ataxia (poor muscle control), decreased cognitive function

Anterograde amnesia: cant recall events after dosing

Toxicity (oral, acute, iv)

Paradoxical response: insomnia, excitation, euphoria, anxiety, rage

Withdrawal effects: anxiety, insomnia, diaphoresis, tremors, lightheadedness, delirium, hypertension, muscle twitching, seizures

SSRI Primary Uses

anxiety disorders (GAD, OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, trauma-related, dissociative disorders, depressive disorders, adjustment disorders)

Depression, bulimia, bipolar

SSRI dangerous side effects

Serotonin Syndrome

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Hyponatremia

SSRI action

selectively block reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin in synaptic space, which intensifies the effects of serotonin

SNRI action

block the reuptake of norepinephrine as well as serotonin

SNRI uses

depression, GAD, social anxiety, panic disorder, pain due to osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, low back pain or diabetic neuropathy

SNRI major side effects

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

suicidal thoughts

withdrawal syndrome

insomnia and HTN

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA) action

Block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in the synaptic space, thereby intensifying the effect of these neurotransmitters. It can take 10-14 days to begin to work

TCA uses

depression and depressive bipolar episodes

TCA dangerous side effects

anticholinergic effects

urinary retention,

orthostatic hypotension

tachycardia

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors action

Blocks MAOI enzymes in the brain that increase norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. An increased amount of these neurotransmitters intensifies responses and leaves depression

MAO uses

depression

bulimia, panic d

social anxiety, GAD, OCD, PTSD

MAO dangerous side effects

hypertensive crisis

stiff sore neck

tachycardia

chest pain

Mood stabilizer action

slows Na and CA entrance back into the neuron, which extends the time it takes for the nerve to return to its active state

Mood stabilizer uses

bipolar mania and depressive management

Mood stabilizers’ major side effects

lithium toxicity

electrolyte imbalance: low Na, high Ca

hypotension

1st gen action

Block dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine receptors in the brain and periphery

Antipsychotic uses (1st-3rd gen)

psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar, tourette syndrome, agitation, impulse control disorders

Antipsychotic uses major side effects (1st-3rd gen)

dystonia

parkinsonism

akathesia

tardive dyskinesia

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

anticholinergic effects

Hypertensive crisis

a severe spike in blood pressure—typically 180/120 mm Hg or higher—that requires immediate medical evaluation

stiff sore neck

stiff sore neck early warning sign for hypertensive crisis

anticholinergic effects

Dry mouth and eyes, Blurry vision, Constipation, Urinary retention, Fast heart rate, High heat, Confusion, Memory loss, feeling dizzy or sleepy, seeing things that are not there in severe cases

orthostatic hypotention

hypotension when change to either seated or standing position

Serotonin Syndrome

Too much serotonin in the body

Mild signs: Shivering, heavy sweating, diarrhea, mild shaking (tremor), and restless anxiety.

Severe signs: High fever, fast heart rate, high blood pressure, muscle stiffness (rigidity), confusion, and seizures

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

High fever (often over 100.4°F or 38°C)

Severe muscle stiffness (lead-pipe rigidity)

Confusion or changes in mental state

Fast heart rate and sweating

High or shifting blood pressure

Hyponatremia S/S

Moderate Signs

• Trouble focusing

• Feeling restless or cranky

• Muscle twitches or spasms

• Dizziness or balance issues [1, 2, 3, 4]

Severe and Dangerous Signs

• Severe confusion

• Seizures

• Loss of consciousness

• Coma

• Trouble breathing

lithium toxicity

too much lithium

• Moderate Toxicity: Confusion, extreme sleepiness, slurred speech, clumsy movements (ataxia), and coarse muscle tremors.

• Severe Toxicity: Seizures, drop in blood pressure, irregular heartbeats, coma, or life-threatening risks

dystonia

a neurological movement disorder that causes involuntary, repetitive muscle contractions and abnormal postures

Parkinsonism

a clinical syndrome defined by core movement signs, including slowed movement (bradykinesia), muscle stiffness (rigidity), resting tremors, and balance instability

Akathesia

A movement disorder that causes an intense, often unbearable inner restlessness and a strong, uncontrollable urge to move. Usually caused by dopamine blocker meds

Tardive Dyskinesia

It causes slow, repeated, and unwanted muscle movements, mostly in the face, tongue, mouth, lips, arms, or legs.

CNS Depression

Slow reflexes, Balance issues, Difficulty in speech

Cognitive issues like confusion and disorientation to the environment may also occur.

Slowed breathing

Decreased heart rate

Reduced blood pressure

Lowered body temperature.

Paradoxical Response

An effect where a body or system reacts in the exact opposite way than normal.

Benzodiazepines: Drugs meant to calm you down can cause rage, anxiety, or wild movement.