WMAN 100 Final Exam

47 million

number of American victims of food insecurity

14.3 million

number of food insecure american households during 2018

14 million

number of children in food insecure households

7 million

number of seniors in food insecure households

2.3 million, 11%

number and percent of rural households facing hunger

90%

% of counties w highest rates of food insecurity in rural areas

84%

% of counties w highest rates of food insecurity in rural areas

Feeding america

nationwide network of food banks and the nation’s leading domestic hunger-relief charity

• provides food to > 50 mil people

hunters helping the hungry

• began early 1990s

40 lbs

edible meat from deer

10 million

number of meal servings each year

1-2%

% of donated deer

animal rights

• end all human exploitation of animals

• all animals have same legal standing as pets

animal welfare

• prevent suffering and cruelty to animals, provide care and good homes for pets in need

• use animals but minimize any pain and suffering

PETA (people for the ethical treatment of animals)

• 9 mil members

• animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, or use for entertainment

75 million

PETAs budget

PETA’s 4 focus areas

• factory farms

• laboratories

• fur trade

• entertainment industry

PETA anti-hunting measures

• post no hunting signs

• join/form anti-hunting orgs

• protest organized hunts

• spread deer repellent or human hair near hunting areas

Humane society of the US

• 11 mil members

• $275 mil budget

• create a world where relationship with animals is guided by compassion

• oppose all hunting

the fund for animals

• use education, legislation, litigation, and hands on care to protect animals from cruelty

• oppose all sport hunting

• merged with humane society

FFA major programs

• banning trophy hunting

• ending cosmetic animal testing

• going fur free

• improving lives of farm animals

• stopping puppy mills

Animals liberation front

• targets animal abuse in the form of rescuing animals and causing financial loss to animal exploiters, through damage and destruction of property

• anti hunting

1976

animal liberation front year founded

1980

PETA founding year

1967

fund for animals founding year

1954

humane society year founded

earth liberation front

• no centralized leadership

• inflict economic damage on those profiting from exploitation of the natural environment

• reveal and educate the public on the atrocities committed against the earth

• take all necessary precautions against harming any animal, human, and non human

American humane

• prevent cruelty, abuse, neglect, and exploitation of children and animals

• $12 mil budget

• 75,000 members

• oppose hunting for fun, trophy, or sport

1873

american humane founding year

friends of animals

• $6 mil budget

• free animals from cruelty and institutionalized exploitation around the world

• oppose all hunting

• hunting = important cause of deer/auto collisions

1957

friends of animals founding year

In Defense of Animals

• international animal rights and rescue org dedicated to protecting the rights, welfare, and habitats of animals

• anti hunting

78%

number of female anti-hunters

Recreational Hunting safety and preservation act of 1994

• violation to engage in physical conduct that significantly hinders a lawful hunt

• civil penalty - $10,000

49 states

number of states w hunter harassment laws

WV code 1966, ch 20

person may not willfully obstruct or impede the participation of any individual in the lawful activity of hunting, fishing, or trapping

maintain homeostasis

goal of all animals

cerebral hypoxia

what every animal dies of

broadheads

• kill by cutting through arteries, veins, and organs

• hemorrhagic shock

bullets

• cause injury through transfer of kinetic energy and resulting laceration or organs and tissue

cripple

lame or partially disabled animal

crippling

to deprive the use of a limb - especially a leg

wounding

an injury to the body that involves laceration or breaking of skin and damage to underlying tissues

Unrecovered

an animal that is shot by hunter but not found

Camp Ripley Study

• 1992-93 Minnesota

• interviewed archers who participated in a controlled archery hunt

• 72% recovered the animals

• 28% not recovered, 45% by another hunter

• 87% of deer were recovered

• 13% unaccounted for

McAlester Army Ammunition Plant

• Oklahoma Study

• late 1990s

• controls hunters

• 22 shot, 11 recovered

lead

• naturally occurring metal found in small amounts in the earth’s crust

• all continents except Antarctica

galena

primary ore of lead

glandular stomach

receives food from esophagus, secretes mucus, HCl and pepsinogen

gizzard

disk shaped, very muscular and in many birds contains small stones that grind foods

2,700 tons

amt of shots deposited in wetlands each year

1.6-3.9 mil birds

waterfowl mortality prior to lead ban

1991 ban on lead shot for hunting migratory birds

• prohibits hunting of migratory birds during open season with shot for muzzle loading or shotshells containing anything other than approved shot types and < 1%residual lead

• prohibits possession of anything other than approved shot on production areas or other wildlife refuges

steel

• most cost effective alternative

• less dense

• must use larger shot size

tunsten

denser than lead

more expensive

bismuth

• almost as dense as lead

• not as hard as steel or tungsten

unrecovered game

wounding loss

unretrieved game

left in field

ethics

principles of conduct governing an individual or a group

sentient animals

alive, able to feel and perceive pain, distress and suffering

fair chase

ethical, sportsmanlike, and lawful pursuit and taking of any free-ranging wild, native north american big game in a manner that does not give the hunter an improper advantage over such animals

74%

% of class introduced to hunting by father

9.5

avg age introduced to hunting

14.4 mil

2022 hunter numbers

6%

2022 national avg hunting participation

11 mil, 77%

2022 male hunters

3.1 mil, 22%

female hunters

79%

number of kids not really interested in hunting

6-15

new hunter windows, can’t restrict

Babes in the Wood

national campaign to have minimum age requirement for legal hunting set at age 16

families afield

attempting to get rid of age restrictions

35 states

number of states w no minimum age