Cardiovascular Disorders Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering cardiovascular topics including blood pressure categories, heart failure types, cardiac infections, cardiomyopathies, and peripheral vascular disorders.

Postural Changes

A clinical finding concluded when a client's standing blood pressure drops by lower than $10\,mmHg$ from the previous measurement and the heart rate increases by $10\%$ or more.

PATCHES

A mnemonic used for arterial data collection representing Pulses, Appearance, Temperature, Capillary Refill, Texture (hardened), Edema, and Sensation.

Normal Blood Pressure

A classification defined as a systolic blood pressure less than $120\,mmHg$ AND a diastolic blood pressure less than $80\,mmHg$.

Elevated Blood Pressure

A classification defined as a systolic blood pressure of $120\text{--}129\,mmHg$ AND a diastolic blood pressure less than $80\,mmHg$.

Stage 1 Hypertension

A classification defined as a systolic blood pressure of $130\text{--}139\,mmHg$ OR a diastolic blood pressure of $80\text{--}89\,mmHg$.

Stage 2 Hypertension

A classification defined as a systolic blood pressure of $140\,mmHg$ or higher OR a diastolic blood pressure of $90\,mmHg$ or higher.

Hypertensive Crisis

An emergency classification defined as a systolic blood pressure higher than $180\,mmHg$ and/or a diastolic blood pressure higher than $120\,mmHg$.

Essential (Primary) Hypertension

A form of high blood pressure accounting for $95\%$ of all hypertension cases, linked to aging, genetics, overweight status, sedentary lifestyle, high sodium intake, and alcohol consumption.

Malignant Hypertension

A severe, rapidly progressive elevation in blood pressure with a diastolic pressure above $120\,mmHg$, associated with inflammation of arterioles in the eyes.

Left-Sided Heart Failure

Heart failure resulting from a weak left ventricle, presenting primarily with pulmonary cues including restlessness, confusion, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, crackles, wheezes, cyanosis, and blood-tinged sputum.

Right-Sided Heart Failure

Heart failure resulting from a weak right ventricle, leading to peripheral congestion, swelling/edema, and the inability to accommodate systemic venous return.

Rheumatic Carditis

Inflammatory heart valve damage resulting from antibodies produced in response to group A streptococcal pharyngitis.

Infective Endocarditis

Infection of the inner membrane and valves of the heart, characterized by lesions on the hands and feet, petechiae, and cardiac murmurs.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A structural heart disease characterized by enlarged, "floppy" ventricles.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A structural heart disease characterized by a "thickened" heart wall and septum.

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

A structural heart disease characterized by "stiffened" ventricle walls.

Valvular Stenosis

A valvular disorder in which a heart valve does not open properly, obstructing forward blood flow.

Valvular Regurgitation

A valvular disorder in which a heart valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward.

Arteriosclerosis

The thickening and hardening of arterial walls, primarily associated with aging.

Atherosclerosis

A vascular disease where arterial lumens fill with lipid plaque, resulting in decreased elasticity and reduced oxygen supply to tissues (ischemia).

MONA

An acronym representing the emergency medical intervention sequence for myocardial infarction: Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, and Aspirin.

Five Ps of Peripheral Arterial Disease

The clinical indicators of acute arterial ischemia: Pain, Pulselessness, Pallor, Polar, and Paresthesia.

Arterial Ulcer

A painful wound with a pale wound bed, located on the toes or dorsum of the foot, caused by arterial ischemia and tissue necrosis.

Venous Ulcer

An open wound associated with leg edema and darker skin pigmentation, managed by promoting venous return through elevation and compression.

Raynaud's Disease

A vascular condition involving intermittent arteriole spasms causing coldness, numbness, cyanosis, and throbbing pain, evaluated via the Cold Stimulation Test.

Buerger's Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans)

An inflammatory condition of small arterioles that causes clotting and is heavily associated with tobacco use, leading to cyanosis, thin skin, gangrenous tissue, and loss of pulses with activity.

Aneurysm

An enlarged, dilated section of an artery resulting from arteriosclerosis, trauma, or a congenital defect.