Liam PS Week 5

Conciousness

Awake (Stage of Sleep) (3)

1. Brain Waves: Beta waves

2. Characteristics: Low amplitude, high frequency

3. Normal waking state with alertness and active thinking.

Stage 1 Sleep (6)

1. NREM 1

2. Brain Waves: Theta waves

3. Characteristics: Intermediate amplitude and frequency

4. Light sleep.

5. Person becomes less responsive to stimuli.

6. Fleeting thoughts and drifting in and out of sleep may occur.

Stage 2 Sleep (5)

1. NREM 2

2. Brain Waves: Theta waves with K-complexes and sleep spindles

3. K-complex: A large, slow wave.

4. Sleep spindle: A brief burst of rapid brain-wave activity

5. Deeper sleep than Stage 1

Stage 3 Sleep (6)

1. NREM 3/ Slow-Wave Sleep

2. Brain Waves: Delta waves

3. Characteristics: High amplitude, low frequency

4. Deepest stage of non-REM sleep.

5. Heart rate and digestion slow down.

6. Growth hormone is secreted.

Stage 4 Sleep (6)

1. REM Sleep

2. Brain Waves: Beta waves (similar to an awake person)

3. REM: Rapid Eye Movement sleep

4. Also known as paradoxical sleep

5. Most dreaming occurs during this stage

6. Brain activity is high, but skeletal muscles are largely inactive.

Sleep Cycle Facts (3)

1. A typical sleep cycle lasts about 90 minutes

2. Most people go through 4–5 sleep cycles per night

3. The longest periods of REM sleep occur during the final sleep cycles of the night.

Typical Sleep Cycle Pattern (2)

1. Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 2, REM

2. As the night progresses REM sleep increases with each cycle and Deep sleep (Stage 3) decreases with each cycle

Function of the Sleep Cycle (2)

1. Allows a person to benefit from both deep sleep and REM sleep

2. Supports physical restoration, memory processing, and overall health

Dreaming

Typically occurs during REM sleep

REM Rebound (2)

1. Missing REM sleep causes the body to spend more time in REM sleep later to compensate.

2. Because REM sleep serves important biological functions and is absolutely necessary for normal functioning.

Treisman's Attenuation Model (4)

1. Treisman argued that attention is not an all-or-nothing filter.

2. Instead, the mind uses an attenuator, which functions like a volume knob.

3. Unattended sensory input is turned down rather than completely blocked.

4. This allows some unattended information to still be processed and potentially capture attention.

Resource Model of Attention (2)

1. States that attention comes from a limited pool of resources. Tasks use both modality-specific and general resources. If multiple tasks require more resources than are available, they cannot be performed successfully at the same time.

2. 3 factors of multitasking in this model: (A) Task similarity - More similar tasks are harder to do together because they use the same resources. (B) Task difficulty - More difficult tasks require more attentional resources. (C) Task practice - Practice reduces a task's resource demands, making multitasking easier.

Availability Heuristic (3)

1. The tendency to make judgments based on how easily examples come to mind.

2. Events that are easier to remember are often perceived as more common than they actually are.

3. Example: Believing shark attacks are very common because they receive a lot of media attention.

Consciousness

The awareness we have of ourselves and our environment.

Stages of Sleep (5)

1. Awake

2. Stage 1 Sleep (NREM 1)

3. Stage 2 Sleep (NREM 2)

4. Stage 3 Sleep (NREM 3/ Slow-Wave Sleep)

5. Stage 4 Sleep (REM Sleep)