Scientific discoveries in the modern era up to the present time: Power Generation, Medicine, Transportation, Communication, & Everyday Life

James Watt (1765)

• improved the steam engine.

• steam engine was made by Thomas Newcomen.

• movement of the Industrial Revolution.

Edison (1878-80)

Invented the light bulb (incandescent bulb) that produces heat (electric light). Easily burns because of its production of heat. Once it burns, the light goes off.

Nikola Tesla (1887)

• invented the induction motor that runs on alternating-current electricity.

• distributing electricity on a distance.

George Hestinghouse

• electric transformer.

• makes the electricity lower down or higher the voltage.

• used to make the electricity spread throughout the area.

Horace Wells and Wiliam T.G (1845-46)

• used anesthesia for dentistry and surgery.

• experimenting with substances by drinking them.

James Simpson (1847)

• opened the path to the study of anesthesia.

• discovered chloroform.

  He experimented together with friends in sniffing various agents, while seated around the dinner table. He subsequently introduced chloroform on November 8 1847.

Chloroform

• discovered as an anesthetic by James Simpson.

• Was given the seal of approval when Queen Victoria took it for the birth of Prince Leopold in 1853.

Semmelwers, Ignaz (1847)

• introduces antiseptic prophylaxis

Septic Prophylaxis

This means Death after giving birth. Surgeons must wash hands because they might need top open the bone. The bone has blood vessels, and the bacteria can be transmitted to the blood.

Louis Pasteur (1865-7)

• establishes that bacteria as the cause of many diseases.

• first used the term “germs”.

• Pioneer of Germ Theory

• killing pro-microorganism by heat, pro-micro organism makes the milk stale.

Felix Hoffman (1897)

• synthesizes aspirin and heroin.

• Heroin destroys mankind.

Paul Enrich (1907)

• discovered the first effective medicinal treatment for syphilis.

• first to convince the medical world that its about the use of chemicals, for the best treatment.

• Father of chemotherapy.

Herman J. Muller (1927)

• establishes the existence of Gene Mutation.

• inherited diseases through genes.

Alexander Fleming (1928)

• discovers penicillin (antibiotic)

• other antibiotics are penicillin based.

Francis Crick and James Watson (1953)

• discovered the structure of DNA.

• study used to produce vaccines.

• study of the DNA included the production of antibodies.

• DNA can be spliced.

Railroads (1840 - 1860)

Develops rapidly in U.S. that led to the development of the U.S. steel industry.

George Westinghouse (1869)

He invents the compressed air brake for railroad cars and engine.

Gottlien Palmer (1889-90)

He invents the first successful gasoline automobile.

Rudolph Diesel (1892)

He patents the diesel engine.

Henry Ford (1896)

He builds first gasoline-powered automobile.

Wilbur and Orville Wright (1903)

They achieve the first successful airplane flight.

Samuel F.B. Morse (1838)

Significantly improves the telegraph (earlier forms of which had been developed in Europe from the 1790s forward) by inventing the morse code.

Samuel Colt (1843)

• best known for his revolvers.

• lays the first underwater telegraph cable between Manhattan to Governors Island, New York City.

• engineer boy profession.

Charles Dowd (1869)

• Proposes standard time zones as a means of avoiding railway accidents.

• gets accepted in 1884.

Alexander Grahambell (1876)

He invents the telephone.

Thomas Alva Edison (1877)

He invents the phonograph.

George Eastman (1888)

He invents the roll film camera. the Kodak making photography accessible to amateurs.

Edison (1891)

He invents the motion picture camera and projector.

Gugliemo Marconi (1890)

• developed long-range radio communication.

• achieves commercial access

• receives Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909.

Ottmar Mergenthaler (1884)

• invents the Linotype machine for printing.

Tolbert Lanston (1885)

He invented monotype machine for printing.

Elisha Otis (1853)

He invents elevator safety brake.

William L.B. Jenney (1879)

He designed and completed the first steel frame skyscraper.

Alva John Fisher (1910)

He invented Thor, the first electric washing machine.

1927

The invention of a way to record sound waves. Silent movies to “talkies”.

1945

Atomic bomb is tested, demonstrated and used.

1957

Soviet Union launches Sputnik, the first satellite in outer space.

1969

First landing on the moon on July 20 done by Neil Armstrong & Buzz Adrin.