WHAP 2.1-2.3

Mongol Empire

Empire lead by Mongols that united Asia in the 14th century

Magnetic compass

Aided in improving navigation for land and sea based merchants

Rudder

Allowed for better control of naval vessels

Junk

Multiple sailed vessels that allowed for larger cargo hauls

Kashgar

City in West China at an intersection of the north and south silk roads

Samarkand

City at roughly the midpoint of the South Silk Road

Caravanserai

Inns, 100 mile apart on the silk roads, caravan palaces

Money economy

Economy that relies on objects of agreed value to simplify exchange

Flying cash

System of credit where people could withdraw their money from a different location through their name and verification

Paper money

Lighter than metal money, but value based on common understanding

Banking houses

Sites where money could be deposited and withdrawn on later. Stabilizes the economy.

Bill of exchange

Document used to record withdrawals and deposits in banking houses

Hanseatic league

Network cities in northern Europe, that distributed goods from the north silk roads into Europe

Gobi desert

East Asian desert where Mongol culture developed

Khan

King/ monarch in Mongolian

Kuriltai

A meeting of Mongol chiefs

Genghis Khan

King of kings

Siege weapons

Weapons used to attack fortified locations like movable towers to go over walls or catapults to destroy walls

Pax Mongolica

Mongolian peace, period of peace after Mongol conquest

Batu

Grandson of Genghis Khan responsible for conquest of Eastern Europe

Golden Horde

Batu’s army in Mongolian state that controlled Eastern Europe

Moscow

City state in Eastern Europe that coordinated the overthrow of the Golden Horde

Hulegu

Grandson of Genghis Khan, who conquered Middle East

Ilkhanate

Mongol state in the Middle East, adopted Islam

Kublai Khan

Grandson of Genghis Khan, conquered song CN

Yuan Dynasty

Mongol state in East Asia, adopted CN culture and customs, but was tolerant

White lotus society

Organization that orchestrated the overthrow of the Yuan Dynasty

Zhu Yuanzhang

Buddhist, who lead in overthrow the Yuan and founded the Ming

Ming Dynasty

Dynasty that succeeded Yuan, extremely CN

Bubonic plague

Plague from central Asia that spread along the silk road

Cannon

A big gun

Indian Ocean basin

Depression in earth’s crust filled with the Indian Ocean

Calicut

Thriving center of trade due to interactions with merchants on Indian Ocean trade routes

Spice Island

Islands that grew Fragrant, nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, and cardamon

Indian Ocean slave trade

The exchange of people and their cultures in the Indian Ocean, who were used for coerced labor

Monsoon winds

Predictable seasonal winds, allowed consistent planning

Lateen sails

Triangular sails that caught the wind very effectively

Astrolabe

Allows the tracking of star patterns, allows determination of proximity to the equator

Malacca (Melaka)

City in the Indian Ocean that taxed traders

Diaspora

Settlements of people away from their homeland

Gujarat

Indian Rajaput Kingdom that connected the east and west of Eurasia

Swahili city states

East African city states, “coasters”, introduced African goods to Indian Ocean trade routes

Zheng he

Muslim Eunuch admiral, he traveled along the Indian Ocean trade route who collected tribute for the early Ming Dynasty