Nutrition Exam 3

Which type of reaction breaks down larger molecules to release energy?

Catabolism

During fasting, which stored energy source is used up first?

Glycogen

Which term describes all of the chemical reactions that occur inside the body’s cells?

Metabolism

Which of the following combinations provides roughly the same amount of alcohol?

5 oz wine, 12 oz beer, 1.5 oz liquor

What do coenzymes do during metabolism?

Help enzymes carry out reactions

In the Cori cycle, lactate is converted to glucose in which organ?

Liver

Which organ is responsible for most alcohol metabolism?

Liver

Glycerol from fat breakdown can be converted into which energy-yielding compound?

Glucose or pryuvate

Once acetyl CoA is formed, it can help generate ATP or be used to make ______.

fatty acids

The metabolic pathway that splits glucose into pyruvate is called __________.

glycolysis

Low-carbohydrate diets can lead to which metabolic effect?

Ketosis

What causes the burning feeling and fatigue during intense exercise?

Lactate buildup

Consuming extra calories from carbs, fats, or protein beyond energy needs results in _______

Storage as body fat

Which process builds new molecules and requires energy?

Anabolism

According to health guidelines, how does moderate drinking differ between men and women?

Men: up to 2 drinks/day. Women: up to 1 drink/day.

Which pathway to form body fat is the most direct and efficient?

Dietary fat→body fat

Reactions that require oxygen are called _________, while those that do not are called ________.

Aerobic; anaerobic

Wanting dessert after you are full is an example of _________.

appetite

Which of the following is not a method used to assess body fat?

Respiratory capacity

What BMI range indicates a person is overweight?

25-29.9

If someone eats 500 kcal in excess each day for one week, about how much weight would they gain?

1 lb

Why do men generally have higher basal metabolic rates (BMRs) than women?

They have more lean muscle mass

The feeling that stops you from contunuing to eat during a meal is called _______.

Satiation

If someone breaks a leg and can’t walk for 8 weeks, their body’s extra energy use is due to _____________.

Adaptive thermogenesis, anabolism

Satiety influences how long you stay full _________.

between meals

What BMI range indicates a person is overweight?

25-29.9

A waist circumference over _____ in women and ____ in men increases risk of chronic disease.

35; 40

What BMI range indicates a person is normal weight?

18.5-24.9

Approximately how many extra kcalories equals one pound of body fat?

3500

Which energy-yielding nutrient is the most satiating?

Protein

Which hormone, made by fat cells, reduces appetite and increase energy use?

leptin

What BMI range indicates a person is obese?

>= 30

Which part of the brain regulates hunger and satiety?

Hypothalamus

A bomb calorimeter measures which of the following?

Potential energy in food (kcal content)

What BMI range indicates a person is underweight?

<18.5

Body fat carried around the _______ poses the highest health risk.

Abdomen

Some athletes may appear “obese” on BMI charts because they have high levels of _________.

lean muscle mass

Which of these does not lower the metabolic rate?

Exercise

When fat cells grow larger, the condition is called _____ obesity.

hypertrophic

Close proximity to fast food does not increase the risk of obesity.

False

Which protein is produced by fat cells and decreases appetite while increasing metabolism?

Leptin

Which habit does not support healthy weight loss?

Eating very quickly

Which of these describes an obesogenic environment?

Settings that promote overeating and inactivity

Fad diets often limit food choices, which lowers energy intake temporarily.

True

Which of these is most likely a fad diet?

One that promises quick results with extreme restrictions

Which magazine statement signals an unsafe. fad diet?

“Lose 10 pounds in one week without exercise!”

What happens to fat cells during weight loss?

Fat cells decrease in size

A healthy realistic rate of weight loss is approximately ______.

0.5-2 pounds per week

What’s a healthy strategy for someone trying to gain weight safely?

Eat nutrient- dense snacks and drinks milk or smoothies between meals

The surgery that removes most of the stomach and leaves a tube-shaped pouch is called _______.

Sleeve Gastrectomy

Once a fat cell, always a fat cell.

True

Which hormone made by the stomach increases appetite and promotes weight gain?

Ghrelin

What is the minimum amount of kcalories needed per day for women and men?

1200-1500 kcal/day women. 1500-1800 kcal/day men.